Aphrodite Invocation :: essays research papers

Goodness Muse! With dreams Thou hast filled my spirit, With dreams overwhelming, for Thou Hast demonstrated me Golden Aphrodite; presently The burst encourages me; like coal To more splendid consuming fanned by Breath Divine, The Cyprian enflameth me with words, Enchanting sounds, which quickly would weave My spirit, as lime-twigs trap unwary feathered creatures. An Ancient Poet* spake reality; he said When Cypris cometh quick, cheerful Much the same as a Hero - overwhelming Her surge, nor may anybody revoke Her summons; ridiculing Her is pomposity, An inability to regard the distinction 'Tween Gods and Mortals; nor can even They Oppose Her Power. She is held under control By just three: Athena, Bright-Eyed Maid, What's more, Artemis, who frequents both wood and dale, Furthermore, Hestia dismiss the Paphian's Dove, For only they preclude delights from claiming Love. The Cyprian's summons is a test. Be Thou valiant and answer it, for verily A God hath willed it; definitely stinging sorrow Will be refusal's cost, so look for alleviation, Adjusting to the Paphian's Will. So spake the Poet Truths he would ingrain. Far-sparkling Aphrodite, hear our supplication! Thou Laughter-cherishing Lady, Paphian, All around braced, Golden, Sea-conceived, Cyprian, Friend, Tender-hearted, or howe'er It pleaseth Thee to be tended to, join in, We solicit, our expressions of applause, and send Thy Grace, since Thou craftsmanship the wellspring of all That is enchanting, smooth, all that doth excite In word or deed, in real life, figure, face. For Thine is the appeal that doth enlace Our hearts as one, for as the enchanted is bound, So likewise is the charmer immediately found Giving up, with longing undisguised, The compromiser readily undermined! Be that as it may, overpowering is even this, Enticer tumbling to temptation; euphoria Reimbursed is twofold ecstasy, drawing tight The bonds about them both, in shared pleasure. - - - - - Presently I bring in old sounds: Aphrodite Khrusostephane Glukumeilikh' O he Kalligloute Thea Pandeme Hetaira su Morpho, - - - - - Or then again whatever name doth please Thee, Hear! If at any point I've assuaged Thee, Presently go to my petition imploring, See my hands toward Thee coming to, Realize my adoration is everlasting! Woman, award the blessing I'm inquiring What's more, show up before us, regardless of whether Presently visiting somewhere down in Nether Locales with the Queen of Hades, Or then again in Heaven with Thy Ladies, Wellsprings of all appeal, the Graces, Reasonable Their structure and reasonable Their appearances! I demand Thee, leave Thy station! Award to us an appearance! Show to us Thy face awesome! Let us revere Thee as legitimate, Shapely structure that is Thine worshiping! Hear our voices now upsoaring To the Heavens from our chorale! If you don't mind we ask Thee, remain before us! Sovereign of Twilight, Queen of Morning! Deeds simply done or now being born Are Thy top picks; valued the shrewd Warrior of the striking undertaking! Dear to Thee the Sun that is rising, Thou award for ambitious Spirits, Thou prize of assignments finished, Thou in competition implored To present Thy elegance, prompting, Striking advances stirring! Such Thy blessing and such Thy favor,

An Evening Walk by the Sea Shore Essay

After a hard day’s work, nothing is more invigorating than a peaceful stroll along the shore of the ocean. While the activity is useful for our bodies, the nearness of the sea appears to have a peâ ­culiarly sedating impact upon our psyches. Each sight and sound rouses a feeling of rest and serenity; and the impact is upgraded by the nonattendance of the sights and sounds to which we have been uncovered for the duration of the day. It is a great change, subsequent to getting away from the uproarious clamor of our every day work, to hear the constant music of the waves, and to inhale the new ocean breezes rather than the vitiated air of office or homeroom. During our stroll along the edge of the ocean we appreciate the perspective on the wide scope of waters spread out before our eyes, an unfailing wellspring of pleasure to any one fit for valuing the delights of nature. For the sea in the entirety of its changeful temperaments never stops to be delightful, and is particularly lovely at the hour of nightfall. The scene introduced by the setting sun, as it sinks underneath the sea wave, is probably the best appeal of a night stroll by the coastline. In India, for most of the year, the mists, whose phenomenal shapes and splendid tints add such a great amount to the magnificence of an English nightfall, are needing. Be that as it may, even in a cloudless sky when â€Å"the expansive sun is sinking down, in his tranquility† and â€Å"the tenderness of sky on the sea,† the display introduced to the eye is brimming with guarantee excellence. For quite a while after the sun has set, the sky is suffused with fragile colors of shading, until the primary stars start to show up on its obscuring surface, and day at long last offers spot to night. Before all else and the finish of the storm we have breathtaking examples of overcast dusk, for example, outperform the most striking portrayal given by Enâ ­glish artists, and would, if reliably delineated on canvas, be conâ ­demned as misrepresented portrayals of nature. During this season, while the night sky is still of an extreme blue, the mists are touched with gold, and purp le, and all the shades of the rainbow, and the ocean underneath rehashes the splendid shading of the sky and the mists above. From such a disclosure of the delights of nature the poor man infers as much joy as the choicest assortment of paintâ ­ings and figures and different gems stands to the millionâ ­aire. In fact, when we look with respectful wonderment upon the ocean and sky at the hour of nightfall, it doesn't seemâ strange to us that the extraordinary forces of nature were once adored as divine beings; and the sedating impact that the ocean, particularly at night, has upon the onlooker, empowers us to see how the people of yore thought that it was normal to go to the shore and spill out their distresses to the ocean, when the hearts were overburdened with care and no human being appeared to be equipped for giving encouragement. Wordsworth, the incomparable English artist, felt and delightfully communicated this in his piece starting. â€Å"The world is a lot with us,† in which he grieved the way that a great many people had lost the intensity of appreâ ­ciating the magnificence of nature, by surrendering themselves to business and common delight â€Å"late and soon, Getting and spending we ruin our powers.† He finishes with this enthusiastic upheaval of want for the old Greek love and worship for nature. â€Å"Great God! I’d rather be A Pagan nursed in a belief outworn, so may I, remaining on this wonderful lea, Have glimpses that would make me less miserable; Have sight of Proteus ascending from the ocean; Or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn.†

Stem Cell Therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Undifferentiated cell Therapy - Essay Example Some undifferentiated cell specialists have pushed for the treatment in treating ailments like diabetes mellitus, Parkinson’s illness, ulcerative colitis, Duchenne strong dystrophy, various sclerosis and other myopathy, hematopoietic organ maladies, oncological ailments, some innate and hereditary irregularities (Conrad, 2012). Some achievement rates in undeveloped cell treatment exist in the field of oncology where malignancy patients exposed to chemoprophylaxis may at one point require bone marrow transplantation or umbilical blood immature microorganisms. Chemoprophylaxis in malignancy patients frequently brings about the decimation of disease cells in addition to even hematopoietic cells. Foundational microorganism frequently causes them in reestablishing their typical platelets expanding their odds of endurance from the infection. Remedial cloning is a sort of foundational microorganism treatment. Cloning is conceivable using early stage immature microorganisms. Here, an egg gets denucleated, that is, the DNA gets expelled, and supplanted with a physical cell core. The egg gets invigorated using an electric heartbeat, and a blastocyst gets framed to give undifferentiated organisms that are indistinguishable from those of the first substantial cell core. Whenever embedded in the belly, the reproduced undeveloped organism can be conceived as a cloned child. It is through this procedure that Dolly the first cloned sheep was made (Conrad, 2012). Early stage foundational microorganism reasonableness for transplantation has as of late been being referred to due to the precariousness of the cloned cells. Dolly, for instance, gave an outward impression of full wellbeing yet had numerous hereditary abandonments (Wimmer 3). The procedure of restorative cloning is ineffectual. A high level of clones pass on previously or not long after birth with a triumph pace of between 3 to 4% (Conrad 2012). In as much as there have been various advances in immature microorganism treatment, there are as yet various contentions with respect to the issue. Contentions

Christian Believes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Christian Believes - Essay Example He enabled them to control nature, which was made so as to permit individuals to have all things needed for their lives. Numerous advanced researchers accept that Christianity is answerable for the crumbling of the earth and the development of difficult issues, for example, an unnatural weather change, contamination of the planet, and so on. Be that as it may, on the off chance that one peruses the Bible mindfully, he/she will see that the Bible urges individuals to regard nature and the earth dependent on a sane and cautious utilization of characteristic assets. God made nature and enabled the man to control it: The Bible concentrates on the capable demeanor of individuals to nature. Specifically, in the Old Testament, Jewish individuals had been told to offer the land a chance to rest for a long time, so it could be utilized after (Lev. 25. 8-11). What's more, God precluded the Jews to devastate the trees developing in the urban communities that they needed to catch (Deut. 20.19). Therefore, Christianity legitimizes the need to deal with nature, since nature gives individuals all that they requirement for their amicable life. Sadly, savagery keeps on being one of the most well-known types of misconception between individuals. All through the world, one can watch different types of savagery that regularly lead to setbacks. For instance of brutality, one can consider the kind of viciousness brought about by racial scorn. Numerous nations have confronted this difficult issue. US is no special case. In the US, racial disdain prompted the demise of numerous individuals. Numerous individuals who have been casualties of such viciousness accepted that they reserved the option to utilize savagery accordingly. By the by, Christianity spoke to by the Bible and particularly the New Testament contradicts any type of viciousness, specifically caused because of racial contempt. Jesus Christ has denoted a totally new way to deal with the issue of brutality. He encouraged individuals to annihilate brutality in the network and figure out how to adore one another,

Comparing Crime in Beloved, Crime and Punishment, and Utopia :: comparison compare contrast essays

Wrongdoing in Beloved, Crime and Punishment, and Utopia   â â â â To start with an omniscient and philosophical casing of reference, wrongdoing is possibly characterized as wrongdoing by the general public characterizing it.â When a mass of human creatures coagulate toâ ¬ gether and structure a cultivated society, they will undoubtedly make rules and laws to follow and await by; for laws are one of the foundations of a enlightened society.â If there were no laws, society would be savage and in a turbulent condition of anarchy.â These laws are chosen and directed for the most part by chosen authorities who go about as pioneers in the society.â From the contribution of the residents, they make laws to run the general public by.â And when an individual breaks the law, that is characterized as a 'crime'.â For instance, intentional and affirmed homicide is a wrongdoing, since it is a law to not murder others; individuals are definitely not permitted to go horsing around murdering whomever they kindly on the off chance that they did, human progress would fall.â Laws and rules hold us to development.   â â â â Another approach to characterize wrongdoing is through morals and morals.â Each individual on this Earth has a still, small voice; when we accomplish something incorrectly, our heart causes us to feel blameworthy, albeit a few people feel less or more blame than others about specific acts; it shifts individually.â Based on this, one can characterize a wrongdoing as the things that cause us to feel liable, albeit a few violations don't make us feel guilty.â Some individuals don't feel any blame while submitting indecent acts; these individuals are esteemed mental cases or sociopaths by society. For instance, most individuals don't feel regretful when they overstep the law by speeding, its only a method for life nowadays, yet with complex belief systems (taking, killing), we feel blame in the event that they are committed.â Our souls additionally hold us to development.   â â â â In Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment, the laws are as of now characterized in Mid Nineteenth century St. Petersburg, Russia.â Henceforth, when one breaks a law they have carried out a wrongdoing and are qualified for capture and discipline by the upholders of law in the public arena, the police.â A specific demonstration that is characterized as criminal is that of homicide. Raskolnikov is aware of this well indeed, for he has

DevOps Engineer Resume Examples, Template, and Resume Tips

DevOps Engineer Resume Examples, Template, and Resume Tips Is there anything more stressful in the life of a young or seasoned professional alike than looking for a new job.Whether it is your very first job and you are understandably afraid to dip your toe into the adult life, or you have been safely tucked in in the very well known ways of doing your job and the prospect of trying something new scares you, we are here for you!We at Cleverism.com have created an easy-to-use resume builder that will help you present your skills in the best possible way which will showcase your best traits and mask your flaws.Our resume builder in combination with this extensive guide will give you the right edge to increase your chances of getting your dream job.It will answer the majority of the most common questions of people have regardless of their work experience, education, and skills.Are some questions in your mind right now as you are reading this? Do not worry, you are not alone.Lets see what the questions are:What information should I include in my resume?How do I tackle the skills section?How do I deal with the experience section when I do not have any?How long is too long, and what is short beyond acceptance?What mistakes was I making in creating my resume before?How can I stand out?Do you have any other questions and doubts?Stay with us and we will surely help you find the solution to your problem.This guide will help youpick the right informationcreate your resume in such a way that it is in the top 10% of all the resumescreate your resume in a way that it stands out and separates itself from the piles of othersalways have a ready resume whenever you decide to send out resumes againnavigate through your information, highlight the right ones and hide, or completely avoid those that may harm youThe need for professionals of your profile is highly sought for, so, you want to find the way to stand out before actually giving your recruiters a chance to see you at work where you can really shine. Catching their attention among h undreds of other applicants is the tricky part.Luckily, this is why we are here to help you.Before we go into the in-depth analysis of the resume sections, we will show you two great DevOps Engineer resumes, one of a person with experience and the other that belongs to a person with no work experience.Go ahead and pick one of many layouts in our resume builder, or at least make notes of the things you notice, and later create your resume in a matter of minutes and get started with actual job-hunting!Lets start!DevOps Engineer Resume Example Right DevOps Engineer Resume Sample Right Create your own resumeHave you studied the examples? Do you discern the rules for writing a great resume?Start right away, pick out one of the layouts form our resume builder and get to work.Follow our guidelines from the in-depth section analysis.PERSONAL INFO IS YOUR BIZZ CARDThe personal information section should include all the information necessary for the recruiters to reach you.It is with this section with which you are making the first impression on the recruiters and this why there should be no mistakes.The information you are always required to give is:Your full name. Do not write your middle name or your nicknames. Reserve this for lunch-break chit-chat because it appears unprofessional and childish in your resume.Valid phone number and e-mail address. Provide a number and e-mail you actually use and you are more likely to see a missed call or answer the e-mail than if you give the email that serves you only for work and which you do not actually check frequently. Pay attention that your e-mail address is easily associated with your name, and do not use usernames that are too general or unrelated.Your current address.Your LinkedIn account information. Every respectable job applicant today has a LinkedIn account, so why shouldnt you?Your profession. After your name state your profession, or the post you are applying for. Usually, companies have more than one job openings so clearly stating which post you want helps them categorize you more efficiently.Your photo. Use a headshot. Make sure that you are well-dressed in a professional manner (clean-shaven, or with neat facial hair if you are a man, and with a decent hairdo if you are a woman comes into this category). Do not use outdoor or party photos, and do not crop yourself out from a photo with other people. Make an effort and visit a studio to get your photo taken, or simply ask somebody to take an adequate photo with your phone. Bear in mind though, that not all countries have the same policy on including photos so you should check that before you include it in your resume.Other information. Drivers license or the like may find a place on your resume especially if the job description requires you to travel for work.With our resume builder, you will easily choose which information to include. Go ahead and pick the layout you like!SUMMARY THAT WORKS WELL IN 2019For a DevOps engineer, it does not come naturally to talk about them; this is why the Summary section could be a little bit tricky. However, with our resume guide, things will hopefully become a little easier.There are a couple of guidelines for you.The summary should be only a few sentences long- 2-3 sentences are just enough and you can go up to 5 if you carefully distribute the information.Do not write unnecessary information about yourself, but, also, do not be too stingy with words and make the mistake of being too generic.In that case, your summary will be almost if not compl etely the same as hundreds of others.How will you stand out then?Summary for ExperiencedAn experienced DevOps engineer is looking for a new job. WrongSummary for Not-ExperiencedA fresh-out-of-college person is looking for a first-time job. WrongSummary for ExperiencedA DevOps enginner with over 5 years of working experience is looking for new job to share my knowledge and expertise and simultaneously learn and develop more. I have a license in TA which helps in resolving workplace issues and conflicts. With over 500 successful projects and 3 years working as a project supervisor, I will gladly educate younger colleagues and also learn from the more experiences ones. RightSummary for Not-ExperiencedA fresh-out-of-college, inspired, and motivated young professional is looking for a first-time job that will enable me to put my theoretical knowledge into real-life use. With 97 GPA I am looking for a workplace environment where I can use and share my knowledge of the latest technologi es and practices. RightDo you see the difference? Which summary would you notice sooner?Why is the summary important?If you choose the right information to put in it, the recruiters will get a better sense of who you are as a person, and will more easily decide if you fit their needs.Picking the right information is not difficult as the information about what they want is usually in the job description, just pick 2-3 points from it and highlight them in your summary.If you have the experience, point out some specific achievements there, and if you do not, highlight your educational achievements.ABCS OF EXPERIENCE SECTIONIf you have job-related experience, this section should not be a problem at all.Just list all your experience points starting from the most recent one and go back to the earliest related one.When we say related, we mean that your recruiters only need information about experience in the field (or something that can be useful to you doing the job you are applying for) .The recruiters do not care about your summer between high school and college when you worked in McDonalds.To make things even more memorable, list 2-3 things you have learned while you were on that post, or some of your significant achievements.This will give the recruiters the idea of how much you know and will spark more interest in you.If you, however, do not have any experience, you can remove this section altogether and focus on the education section where you can make yourself shine, or you can include information about one experience point.Do this if it at least remotely connected to the field, or if it helped you develop some of the soft skills.If you were a part of an internship program during your studies you should write it here.When listing your experience, state the date, the position you had, the companys name and then a few achievements.Start filling in your experience section with our user-friendly resume builder!HOW TO WRITE THE EDUCATION SECTION THAT STANDS OUTThe Education section is maybe the easiest section to write, you should only know what types of information to include.The general rule is to include only education acquired after high school and in reverse-chronological order.State the institution and the degree you have earned. Instead of just listing education points, add two or three achievements or something that you have learned during studies and which can help you in performing the job you are applying for.If you are an experienced prospective employee, you do not have to overdo on that information, however, if you do not have any experience outside college or if your experience is scarce- make your education section showcase your value.Highlight all that was good in your education- point out exceptional GPA, awards or scholarships.Besides formal education information, you should include any certificates, licenses, and diplomas that might help you do your job better than others.Your will for continuous education and a variety o f interests will show the recruiters that you are ready to develop yourself further, which might prompt them to choose you over someone with a little more experience but a lack of ambition and drive. Avoid completely unrelated points, though.With our resume builder, you will be able to quickly and easily add or remove sections to perfectly fit your needs. Have you chosen the layout yet?GUIDE ON WRITING THE MOST AMAZING SKILLS SECTIONSeemingly, writing about your skills does not pose any threats to your resume; however, you can make more than one mistake that can harm your resumes quality.First of all, you do not need to include all the skills you possess. If you are a DevOps engineer who is great at playing pool, or you play mean charades that is great, and you can mention that in a casual conversation with your colleagues once you get the job.You may become a part of the workplace pool tournament, but it will not help you get the job. Including this information may seem interesting to the recruiters but will only crowd the important, job-related skills.We divide the skills into two main categories: hard skills and soft skills.Hard skills are those that help you do your job in a strictly professional manner- i.e. mastery of certain tools, programs, software and so on.Soft skills can be a part of your personality i.e. ability to work in teams, assertiveness or time-management, or unrelated knowledge that can be of help in a professional environment i.e. speaking another language or familiarity with workplace psychology.When writing your skills section, pay attention to group the skills according to this division. Do not just randomly throw them down as they come to your mind.Another thing that often confuses the recruiters, or is not informative enough is what happens when you just name the skills without appointing them with the level of expertise.If your knowledge of the Spanish language is a beginner you are not the most suitable to work for a company that d eals with other Hispanic companies, for example.To make it clear for the recruiters that you will be good for the job, grade the skills.With our resume builder, you can easily do that, just pick the layout you like and the grading system you prefer.You can choose from star-based grades, regular grades, scales, description (beginner, advanced) and others.Let us see how this looks like in practice.Skills - GradeCommunicationTeam ManagementCloud (Azure, GoogleCloud, Openstack)Source Control (Bitbucket, Git, VSTS) WrongSkills - OrderCommunication 5/5Source Control (Bitbucket, Git, VSTS) 5/5Cloud (Azure, GoogleCloud, Openstack) 5/5Team Management 5/5 WrongSkills - OrderCommunication 5/5Team Management 5/5ORCloud (Azure, GoogleCloud, Openstack) advancedSource Control (Bitbucket, Git, VSTS) expert RightSkills - OrderCommunication 5/5Team Management 5/5Cloud (Azure, GoogleCloud, Openstack) advancedSource Control (Bitbucket, Git, VSTS) expert RightFINAL TIPS TRICKS ABOUT DEV OPS ENGINEER RESUME AND APPLICATIONTailor-make your resume. Whether you change just the order of skills or add another professional achievement, it can make a world of difference when your recruiters finally have your resume in their hands.Choose your information correctly. We already explained how to that in detail, however, there is no arm in pointing out again. Use the job description in the ad itself. The job description will usually have all the necessary information on what skills, level of expertise and what personal profile they are looking for.To make this process even easier, be sure to keep a master resume at hand at all times. There you should list all your experience, skills and education points, and then carefully choose which ones to use. Do not just throw everything down without the need for it.Steer clear of putting unrelated pieces of information just to fill in the empty parts. It is better to have a focused resume rather than the one which is full of unnecessary information that will (especially if there are many of them) crowd the main point f your resume.Do not be afraid of your resume is only one page long. It is actually a plus since the recruiters will not have to flip through the pages to find the information they need. They usually deal with dozens if not hundreds of resumes, so making it easy for them may work to your advantage.Be ready to provide additional verbal evidence, and elaborate on the points you made in the resume when you are in the actual interview. If you do not have a comment on your resume sections, they might think that you do not actually possess all the presented skills or bits of knowledge.Check your resume for Type-Os. Even though it is not the end of the world, a type-o may suggest that you did not spend enough time and focus on creating your resume, which can indicate that it is either not important for you, or that you do not have the necessary attention to detail.Another thing to watch out for is stating any controversial causes or points of view. In your case it is not related to the job you are applying for so political, ethical or religious beliefs are something you should avoid in your resume. If for no other reason than to just avoid bias.CONCLUSIONWe can not be absolutely sure that you will get that dream job if you follow our guidelines, however, we do promise that your resume will be noticed, so it will at least raise your chances of getting a call-back.Everything else is on you, your ability to present yourself in person as good as you present yourself on paper, the fact that you are exactly what they need, or they will save your resume for another position should the occasion present itself.We hope you have enjoyed using our resume builder as it is created to help you. Good luck on the path of creating the professional path you have ever wanted. Create your own resume

Emerging Legal Issues Cyber Stalking and Harassment in United States - 825 Words

The Emerging Legal Issues in Cyber Stalking and Cyber Harassment in the United States (Reaction Paper Sample) Content: The Emerging Legal Issues in Cyber Stalking and Cyber Harassment in the United StatesName:Date: The Emerging Legal Issues in Cyber Stalking and Cyber Harassment in the United StatesMEMOTO: [Title. Full Name], Director for [Name of Department] Department.FROM: [Student Full Name], [Position in the Department].DATE: 8TH March 2017SUBJECT: The Emerging Legal Issues in Cyber Stalking and Cyber Harassment in the United States Background Over the preceding two decades, communities, businesses, and the general lifestyle of people have increasingly been affected by the broad use of technology (Baer, 2010). Consequently, this has significantly changed the way people work, study, communicate and interact. Hazelwood and Koon-Magnin (2013) observe that with the ever-advancing technological innovations and developments, people in different parts of the world can communicate with each other instantaneously on a variety of devices such as tablets, computers, or cell phones. In fact, a text message, email, video, or photo may be viewed by one person, shared with another individual or "go viral" and spread to a large number of users, for example, hundreds of thousands, in just a matter of minutes. In a nutshell, Hazelwood and Koon-Magnin (2013) point out that in today's world, technology is constantly improving, which in turn impacts upon the way in which people interact by allowing them to connect with others more readily and promoting global communication. However, the Internet and the various related technologies have also become new platforms for misbehavior (Recupero, 2008). The researcher explains that some people are using Internet communications to harass, threaten, cause harm, and intimidate others. Hazelwood and Koon-Magnin (2013) observe that this emerging technological trend has attracted the attention of legislators across the 50 United States. Consequently, the majority of the states have enacted cyber stalking (CS) and cyber harassment (CH) to pro tect the interests of the public. One of the most infamous cases of CH is that of the U.S. v. Drew. U.S. v. Drew The m...

Business Plan Brownies - 4223 Words

I. Nature of Business History A sweet chocolate dessert that has a history of different stories of origin but all pointing to being created around the mid 1800s. Brownies may have derived from chocolate cakes, becoming a denser and shorter version. Typically, a brownie is approximately 1 inch in height and since it is quite dense, it has a chewy texture that provides a very sweet flavor. There are a wide variety of different types of brownies made, all very similar in consistency and flavor. The first known recipe for brownies was published in the 1897 Sears, Roebuck Catalogue. The origin of the Brownie is thought to be American. It is classified as a bar cookie and is thought to derive its name from the brown color of the cookie.†¦show more content†¦Brownies have plenty of competitors such as breads and other pastries. Preparation of brownies seems to be simple but its not. One should be careful enough to put exact amount of every ingredient. Overmixing the ingredients can cause brownies to turn out tough or for a thin crust to form on top. Mix wet and dry ingredients just long enough to blend them, taking special care not to overbeat after the eggs are added. Also, time of cooking such should be considered. Its easy to be burned. Brownies arent a low-fat treat. Besides the butterÂâ€"as much as 8 ounces, or one full stick, per batchÂâ€"theres the cocoa butter in the chocolate itself. And many tasters cant tell the difference! - Opportunities: Doing other kinds of brands of Brownies is a challenge to them of this kind of business. Many people love eating brownies during snacks and after every meal. Although this product has several competitors, still there are only few shops that produce brownies. - Treats: When customers do not buy anymore their product, they might found and tried another brand. So, well have to consider customers preference to maintain our customers. Brownies from Biancas are one of a kind delicious treats. With everything from corporate gifts, closing gifts to brownie gift baskets, youll find a treat that will delight you and put you in brownie heaven with each luscious bite. Biancas Brownies also offer brownies forShow MoreRelatedProject Management1737 Words   |  7 PagesForm The Perfect Cup Business Plan for the Period Starting January 2005 Business Overview Business History The Perfect Cup is a new restaurant venture with an expected opening date in March of 2005 in Somewhereville, Texas. The business is a coffee shop located in Old Town, a newly renovated section of town, with antique shops and galleries along the main street. We will specialize in coffee, tea, cappuccino, frozen cappuccino, and homemade cookies and brownies. There are no other shopsRead MoreCoffee Shop1526 Words   |  7 PagesSample coffee shop business plan A sample business plan for a coffee shop which can be used to create your own business plan or help you assess the risks and benefits of opening a coffee shop or similar business. Sponsored Links [pic][pic]    |If you are planning to open a coffee shop, the very first thing you need to do is write a business plan. This is useful in many | |ways: it will allow you time to consider all your options before committing as well as put down on paper your goalsRead MoreBussines Plan for a Coffee Shop1238 Words   |  5 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The report elaborates on the proposed business plan of Meeru Coffee Cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (herein referred as the company). The main aim of the business plan is to propose how the company aims to run its operations in order to promote a good brand image of the company in the market (target audience), to generate a high profit. This business plan highlights the potential customer base, needed staffing and marketing mix and also highlights the financial details of the proposed cafà ©. INTRODUCTION Read MoreFeasibility Study of Malungay865 Words   |  4 Pagesmore exciting. * Hot/Iced Coffee * Cappuccino * Latte * Mocha * Cafà © Americano * Espresso * Brewed Coffee * Chocolate Cake * Mocha Cake * Carrot Cake * Cupcakes * Black Forest Cake * Cookies * Brownies * French Fry * Fried Dumpling * Chicken nugget * Watermelon shake * Four Season shake * Cookies and Cream Shake * Ripe mango shake * Green Mango shake * Ube shake * Chocolate Shake Demand Coffee Circus isRead MoreMarketing Proposal : Marketing Plan1575 Words   |  7 PagesGreyston Bakery Marketing Proposal Executive Summary Marketing is a very crucial component of every business. The case study mentioned in this paper discusses a complex business structure, where the company’s goals are more concerned with community and environment sustainability. However, for the concerned company to achieve its goals, the Chief Executive Officer needs to improve its profitability without deviating from the core mission. This proposal will address the key issues facing the companyRead MoreLakota Hills Essay636 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Case 2 – Lakota Hills Challenges and advantages of developing a specialty food business: The specialty food business can be rewarding and exciting, but it can also be a real struggle. Specialty foods can range from salad dressing to chocolate sauce to fragrant breads. If you can make it, you can sell it--provided you know how. The specialty food business is more about marketing than cooking, getting your product on the shelves and then off again into customers shopping carts. You can lookRead MoreCoffee Shop Comparison: Coffee Spot and Starbucks1233 Words   |  5 Pagescomplimentary hygiene sheets for those needing to sit down. The people drinking coffee are younger than those in the Coffee Spot; there are business people in shirts and ties, college-age males and females using laptop computers (there is WiFi) Coffee Spot: Customers wait in line to be served and while in line they stand near a glass case holding cookies, brownies, pastries and doughnuts. The presentation is similar to an old-fashioned bakery (long racks of baked goods) and there are smears on theRead MoreCoffee Shop2048 Words   |  9 PagesJohn David Y. I. Introduction The proposed study revolves around the creation of The Coffee House, a proposed small scale business that will be situated in the fast changing environment which is constantly changing due to constructions of buildings and other facilities in the Global City in Taguig City. The study will tackle from the history of the business up to the technical and financial aspects of the study, the said study will also develop the keen observation skills of the studentsRead MoreStarbucks Case Summary and Answers1132 Words   |  5 Pagesand specific countries where there is a large American brand recognition and presence. This will help to reduce marketing costs substantially while foster growth. b. Starbucks should identify specific lines of consumer goods such as cookies, brownies, ice creams, etc. which can be sold with coffee. Since Starbucks is already present across the country, it has to infuse these products into the distribution channels and make them available at the stores for bringing in added revenue and increaseRead More internship Essay examples962 Words   |  4 Pagesand from the bathroom. Supervising students during breakfast and lunch and assisting with clean up. Being responsible for picking up and returning materials to the GEAR UP office. Attending weekly Staff and Team meetings to discuss the past week and plan for the weeks ahead. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This internship opened many doors leading to my future. This would not only help me academically and financially, but would also provide me with necessary experience in real world situations. This

Giraffatitan - Facts and Figures

Name: Giraffatitan (Greek for giant giraffe); pronounced jih-RAFF-ah-tie-tan Habitat: Plains and woodlands of Africa Historical Period: Late Jurassic (150 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 80 feet long and 40 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; quadrupedal posture; longer front than hind legs; long, massive neck About Giraffatitan Giraffatitan is one of those dinosaurs that dances around the fringes of respectability: its existence is attested to by numerous fossil specimens (discovered in the African nation of Tanzania), but the suspicion lingers that this giant giraffe was actually a species of an existing genus of sauropod, most likely Brachiosaurus. However Giraffatitan winds up being classified, theres no doubt that it was one of the tallest (if not one of the heaviest) sauropods ever to walk the earth, with a hugely elongated neck that would have allowed it to hold its head more than 40 feet above ground level (a pose that most paleontologists think is unrealistic, considering the metabolic demands this would have placed on Giraffatitans heart). Although Giraffatitan does bear a marked resemblance to a modern giraffe--especially considering its long neck and longer front than hind legs--its name is a bit deceptive. Most dinosaurs that end with the Greek root titan are titanosaurs--the widespread family of thunderous, four-legged plant-eaters that evolved from the sauropods of the late Jurassic period, and were characterized by their large sizes and   lightly armored skin. Even at 80 feet long and upwards of 30 to 40 tons, Giraffitan would have been dwarfed by the true titanosaurs of the later Mesozoic Era, such as Argentinosaurus and the oddly spelled Futalognkosaurus, both of which lived in late Cretaceous South America.

The Association For Manufacturing Technology - 1728 Words

The Association For Manufacturing Technology (AMT), a trade association located in Northern Virginia was established in 1902. AMT services over 600 member organizations who are engaged in the manufacture and or distribution of manufacturing technology commonly used by industries engaged in the manufacture of primary and fabricated metal products, power generation and industrial machinery, electrical and electronic equipment, transportation equipment including motor vehicles, and medical equipment and supplies among others. â€Å"The Association For Manufacturing Technology’s members strive to be the global leaders in innovating, producing, and implementing advanced manufacturing technology solutions. In support of its members, AMT is an active†¦show more content†¦Perhaps not unlike many other organizations operating before the widespread use of powerful personal computing platforms and the internet, AMT was slow to move into the realm of business intelligence with analytical rigor. Around 2009 things started to change dramatically with AMT’s focus on leveraging data and information. At that time the organization hired a new president to lead the industry. He had come to the association from industry and had over 25 years of experience as a top executive leading for profit manufacturing technology companies. His insight was to acknowledge that the organization needed to diversify its revenue streams to help mitigate an unpredictable loss or reduction in the associations long standing primary revenue generator, the biannual International Manufacturing Technology Show or IMTS. The new revenue generating idea he championed and set in motion at that time centered on business intelligence. Thus, the MTInsight business intelligence platform was introduced. The MTInsight platform was designed to deliver customized business intelligence that members would pay for above and beyond what was covered by their annual membership dues. In addition, the organization wished to build the internalShow MoreRelatedRequirements Of The Computer Aided Manufacturing Systems With A Special Focus On Mes Functionality1626 Words   |  7 PagesNowadays, the rapidly changing environment requires rapid changes in manufacturing systems. Industries must adapt their manufacturing systems to maximise their productivity and the profitability of production. Customers increasingly require a shorter time to market. The changes include shorter product life-cycles, increasing requirements for quality, increasing the customisation of products, the faster implementation of advanced technology and optimising the cost of energy. These expanding options affectRead MoreThe Mission Of The Accounting And Financial Functional Area1266 Words   |  6 PagesDirector of Finance for I nformation Technology Systems. The Director of Finance for Production and Operations will support the growth of the company by working directly with P O functional managers to provide the funding for the retooling and expansion of current production lines and the sourcing of raw materials. As the business expands, the director and staff will take an active role in negotiating costs for new manufacturing and warehouse space, manufacturing equipment, distribution carriersRead More The Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises and The Industries Development and Regulation Act1108 Words   |  4 Pagescollectives in the country. MSME that is Micro Small and Medium Enterprises is joined collaboration of Ministry of Agro and Rural Industries (MARI) and Ministry of Small Scale Industries. According to Act, 2006, all types of enterprises including association of people, Cooperative society, partnership firm, company can register and get benefits of Act. Clustering of units also enables providers of various services to them, including banks and credit agencies, to provide their services more economicallyRead MoreSafety Management Of A Manufacturing Company1635 Words   |  7 Pages Safety Management in a Manufacturing Company Sai Kireeti Sunkara 50157982 Manuscript Assignment TMGT 595 01E Applied Research in Engineering Technology Safety Management in a Manufacturing Company In 1987, Motorola presented the Six-Sigma procedure. Their goal was to diminish procedure yield variety so that six standard deviation lie between the mean and the closest detail limit. As indicated by this procedure in a great deal of one million open doors, 3.4 defects (per million)Read MoreSituational Analysis, Easton Sports1206 Words   |  5 Pages*OVERVIEW* Easton Bell Sports, Inc. is a leading designer, developer in sporting good products and accessories. Easton provides products from youth levels to professional athletes, who want innovative and top of the line products. Easton’s design and technology of Composite, Aerospace Grade Fibers, Scandium and Aluminum Alloy’s has led them to be one of the best in cutting edge performance equipment. Easton’s dedication to research and development has brought many new and innovative products, which haveRead MoreEssay On National Manufacturing Policy1141 Words   |  5 PagesEconomist Nicholas Kaldor theorized the structural transformation of the manufacturing sector as the engine of growth and stipulated that there exist a close relationship with the gross domestic product of a nation. After independence, Indias manufacturing sector has developed through several phases from the underlying industrialization and the license raj to liberalization and the present period of wo rldwide competitiveness. However, still, the share of this sector in overall GDP has stagnatedRead MoreCase Study : Marketing Foundations And Planning1462 Words   |  6 Pagesinnovative manufacturing. Our core intellectual property is contained within our electric powertrain and the ability to design a vehicle which capitalizes on the uniqueness of an electric powertrain. Our electric powertrain consists of the following: battery pack, power electronics, motor, gearbox and the control software which enables the components to operate as a system. We designed each of these major elements for our Tesla Roadster and Model S and plan to use much of this technology in Model XRead MoreThe Government Should Support Wind Energy994 Words   |  4 Pagespower technologies could have significant positive economic implications for the United States† (para. 2). According to Global Wind Energy Council, wind energy could generate over 50,000 well- paying jobs in development, construction, manufacturing, and operations (para. 3). With a supply chain of over 500 factories in 43 states, wind energy provides thousands of Americans with well-paying manufacturing jobs (para. 4). Occupations in wind power are separated into three phases: manufacturing, projectRead MoreGlobalization Is A Key Component Of A Corporation s Global Business Strategy1196 Words   |  5 Pagessocieties around the world. Information technology has been a major driving force behind globalization and that information technology has now become a key component of a corporation’s global business strategy. Advancements in information technology have dramatically influenced economic life, as well as giving consumers, investors, and businesses valuable new tools for identifying and pursuing economic opportunities throughout the world. Information technology and tools based on IT enabled them toRead MoreGlobalisation and the Coca-Cola Company1379 Words   |  6 Pagesremained true to its commitment to provide quality, refreshing, and satisfying products to consumers. In order to ensure each product tastes the same across the globe, Coca-Cola continues to keep the beverage recipes secret with tightly controlled manufacturing facilities. CocaCola has never lost sight of its goal to be the best beverage company in the world. Now, let us take a closer look at Coca Cola’s journey to globalization. Coca-Cola’s Journey to Globalization Founded back in the 1880’s, Coca-Cola

Jackson vs. Calhoun and the Nullification Crisis - 1420 Words

It has been rare in American history for presidents and vice-presidents not to get along, but it has happened on a few occasions: Adams and Jefferson, Kennedy and Johnson, and Eisenhower and Nixon are a few examples (Jackson vs. Calhoun-Part 1 1). However, the most controversial relationship between president and his assistant was between Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun. Their disagreements began very early on in Jacksons administration, and lasted until after the resolution of the Nullification Crisis. Nullification is the refusal of a state to recognize a federal law within its boundaries and deem that law unconstitutional. In this case, South Carolina, led by John C. Calhoun, refused to recognize the protective tariffs in 1828, and†¦show more content†¦We do further declare that we will not submit to the application of force on the part of the Federal Government (Hamilton 1). Jackson, appalled by this direct threat to the Union and the Federal Government, was determine d to put Calhoun in his place and do anything he could to preserve the Union. Although Calhoun had stated in his Ordinance that South Carolina would not respond to any forceful acts by the government to attempt to get Calhoun to back down, Jackson found a way to outsmart his opponent. Jackson had congress pass a bill in 1833, which allowed him to use soldiers to enforce the tariff measures (Nullification Crisis 1). After the Force Bill was passed, Jackson sent several warships and hundreds of soldiers to Charleston to enforce the laws of the government. Some people argue that what Jackson did was wrong because based on the constitution, Calhoun had the right to declare Nullification for South Carolina. However, what Jackson did was also constitutional and enabled the United States of America to remain as one. Had Jackson not passed the Force Bill immediately after South Carolinas Ordinance was received, Calhouns scheme may have succeeded and South CarolinaShow MoreRelatedThomas Jefferson And James Madison1193 Words   |  5 PagesThe Nullification Crisis was the formal suspension by a state of federal law inside the borders. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison were the first voices to introduce this concept to oppose the alien and sedition acts. The convention in New England saw that it was protection against federal intrusion on citizen’s territories and their rights. The Crisis started in May of 1828 during the presidency of Andrew Jackson, which caused problems between north and South Carolina and the federal governmentRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The United States Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pagesclaims against the Spanish government up to a total of $5 million and relinquishing its own claims on parts of Texas west of the Sabine River and other Spanish areas under the terms of the Louisiana Purchase. 1824 Election John Quincy Adams vs. Andrew Jackson (and William H. Crawford and Henry Clay); John Quincy is elected by decision of the House of Representatives; only election in which the presidency had to be decided by the House because no candidate received a majority of electoral collegeRead MoreUnit 9 Ids. The â€Å"Corrupt Bargain† Of 1824 – Henry Clay,1501 Words   |  7 PagesClay, speaker of the house opposed Andrew Jackson and supported John Quincy Adams. When it was time to vote, John Quincy Adams got the majority even though Jackson had the popular vote. Jackson believed Adams and Clay struck a deal that Adams would win in return for Clay becoming Secretary of State. Henry Clay – Speaker of the house accused of making the â€Å"corrupt bargain† therefore becoming an enemy of Jackson and Jacksonian democrats. Clay and Jackson opposed each other on many things includingRead MoreAndrew Jackson Was A Leader1832 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Andrew Jackson was a leader. He was a leader on the battlefront, a leader in office and a leader in his beliefs. Jackson had certain fundamental beliefs that shaped him as a person and would be the foundation for which he would rule the country. He stood by those beliefs and fought for what he saw as the right way. During his life, Jackson would fight many battles and tackle many fundamental opponents. Here, the topic brings into focus one area of importance to Jackson, the national bankRead MoreThe Second President Of The United States Andrew Jackson1917 Words   |  8 PagesThe seventh president of the United States Andrew Jackson was highly impacted in many ways. Jackson was represented as a villain because of his work against violating rules and hurting many people by his actions on trying to veto the constitution and taking control over the national bank. Also, Jackson was apart of the Trail of Tears because of many Indians being migrated to the west and he ignored the Supreme Court. Jackson viewed himself as a hero for multiple reasons. He became more beneficialRead MoreAndrew Jackson s Influence On American History1368 Words   |  6 PagesAndrew Jackson is probably one of the most influential and possibly one of the most dynamic figures in American history. He was a great general and fine president. Although branded with unpleasant baggage of the infamous â€Å"trail of tears†, and furrowing the nation into its first economic depression (which his successor Van Buren who caught the panic of 1837). Andrew Jackson accomplished so much for the United States that he changed the â€Å"American Dream† into what is it today, by emphasizing any personRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence - Original Writing2041 Words   |  9 PagesThis idea of nullification, in which a state could declare an act of Congress unconstitutional, did not go away. In 1832, trouble arose surrounding the passage of a national tariff. South Carolina, led by John C. C alhoun, passed the Ordinance of Nullification. They claimed that the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and threatened to form a new independent government if the Federal government tried to force the implementation of the tariff. In response, President Jackson asked CongressRead MoreWhat Events Led to the Civil War?2154 Words   |  9 PagesAfricans are kidnapped and sold; Congress cannot ban this trade until 1808. (3) Demand Fugitive Slave clause (South): slaves who escape to the North are deemed by the Constitution to be returned to the South. Under Federalism there was a National vs. State separation where specific powers were maintained for the National Congress and reserves some power for the states. Constitution had a clause giving the National Congress authority to make laws and rules over territories. An expansion occurred

Quality Nursing Care Free Essays

string(108) " education and health promotion, creative thinking and reflection as elements of high quality patient care\." NURSING EXAMPLE A Summary of Proposed Research Program for Master of Philosophy Title: The Delivery of Quality Nursing Care: A Grounded Theory Study of the Nurses’ Perspective Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore and describe the delivery of quality nursing care from the perspective of practising nurses working in the acute public hospital setting of Western Australia (WA). The study will examine the actions and interactions attributed to quality, and factors identified as enhancing or inhibiting the delivery of quality nursing care. A grounded theory approach is proposed. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Nursing Care or any similar topic only for you Order Now The sample for the study will be drawn from nurses working in an acute public hospital located in Perth, WA. Data will be collected using semi-structured interviews and some observation. It is estimated that approximately 10-15 interviews will be performed. Theoretical sampling will guide the selection of participants. The significance of this research will be to increase understanding of this complex phenomenon and contribute to efforts aimed at improving and maintaining quality nursing care within the current context of the WA health care system. A substantive theory explaining the process of quality care, focussing on the nurses’ perspective, in an acute public hospital setting, will be developed. Implications for practice will be discussed and directions for further research in this area will be provided. Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore and describe the delivery of quality nursing care from the perspective of practising nurses, working in the acute public hospital setting of WA. The study will examine the actions and interactions attributed to quality, and factors identified as enhancing or inhibiting the delivery of quality nursing care. The objectives guiding this proposed study are: 1. To explore and describe nurses’ perceptions of the meaning of quality nursing care. 2. To describe nurses’ experiences in the delivery of nursing care given to patients in hospital and to compare these with their expectations of quality nursing care. 3. To explore factors identified by nurses as enhancing and as inhibiting quality nursing care. 4. To develop a substantive theory which explains the process used to deliver quality nursing care in an acute public hospital setting, as perceived by nurses. Background The provision of quality patient care is a priority in all health care institutions (Erith-Toth Spencer, 1991). Formal definitions of what constitutes quality are numerous (Ambler Peters, 1991), as are the approaches used to assess the quality of patient care (Harvey, 1991; MacGuire, 1991). Although much has been written about the phenomenon of quality care, significant variations exist in its interpretation and use, â€Å"unaware or undeterred by the conceptual confusion, quality care continues to be assured, controlled, evaluated and managed in the Health Service today† (Attree, 1993, p. 55). Furthermore, definitions and assessment of quality have rarely considered the reality faced by nurses on a daily basis, in the practice and delivery of quality care. Quality nursing care has been studied from various perspectives using different methods. Much of the research reported in the literature has been quantitative in nature and undertaken in countries other than Australia, par ticularly North America. Some studies have focussed on the measurement of quality nursing care (Gilloran, McGlew, McKee, Robertson Wight, 1993; MacGuire, 1991; Pearson, Durant Punton, 1989; Kitson, 1985), or the meaning of quality nursing care from either the nurses’ perspective (Janhonen, 1993; Forchuk ; Kirkpatrick, 1991; Whelan, 1988; Jenkins, 1988) or the patients’ perspective (Irurita, 1993; Erith-Toth Spencer, 1991; Deeny McCrea, 1991; Rempusheski, Chamberlain, Picard, Ruzanski Collier, 1988). Other studies have compared the perceptions of quality nursing care from the perspective of nurses and patients (Norman, Redfern, Tomalin Oliver, 1992; Yonge, 1989; Varholak, 1989; Board, 1988). Of the studies that have explored nurses’ perceptions of quality care, two included some elements of the delivery of nursing care (Forchuk ; Kirkpatrick, 1991; Jenkins, 1988). Those studies differ from this proposed study in context, as both were carried out in North America and used health settings other than acute public hospitals. Forchuk ; Kirkpatrick (1991) used survey methods in their study of quality care in a psychiatric facility where nurses indicated that the nursing care they 2 delivered was â€Å"†¦ the best possible under unfavourable conditions† (p8). Barriers to quality nursing care were identified as â€Å"heavy workload and staffing issues† (p8). However, the results of this study are limited by use of a convenience sample and administration of a questionnaire for which reliability and validity were not demonstrated. Jenkins studied quality nursing care in a small hospital in the United States and used a similar design to that proposed for this study. Using the grounded theory method, the characteristics of quality nursing care from the nurses’ perspective were found to be â€Å"technical care, adequate time, assessment, observation, teaching, communication, and individualised care†. Some enhancing and inhibiting factors were identified, as well as positive and negative outcomes in the status of the patients. This proposed study is justified in that although the methodology is similar, the study by Jenkins was undertaken in a small hospital, whilst this study will be undertaken in a large acute public hospital. Furthermore, the cultural aspects of this proposed study are different. Another study of quality nursing care was carried out within the context of an acute public hospital setting in WA (Irurita, 1993). This study used grounded theory to explore quality nursing care from the patients’ perspective. Patients described different levels of care and suggested that high quality nursing care could not be expected due to intervening conditions such as lack of time, high patient turnover, competing demands on the nurse, lack of consistency and continuity in nurses assigned to their care, ageism, shortage of staff, lack of co-ordination on ward, and communication problems between doctornurse- patients. These findings raise questions requiring further exploration, including the nurses’ perspective. A number of factors may determine the quality of care delivered by nurses to patients. A review of the literature by Fitzpatrick, While, and Roberts (1992) identified nursing competence, use of research, communication skills, care management and organisation of workload, provision of health education and health promotion, creative thinking and reflection as elements of high quality patient care. You read "Quality Nursing Care" in category "Papers" A number of research studies have equated the quality of nursing with the ability of the nurse to exhibit caring behaviours towards their patients. Some of these studies have explored the behaviours identified by nurses (From, 1992; Clarke Wheeler, 1992; Mangold, 1991; Chipman, 1991; Schaefer Lucke, 1990; Morrison, 1990; Forrest, 1989; Larson, 1986), while others the behaviours identified by patients (Fosbinder, 1991; Cronin Harrison, 1988; Brown, 1986; Rieman, 1986; Larson, 1984). Some of the research has compared the views of nurses and patients (Appleton, 1993; Smit Spoelstra, 1991; Lapsley, 1989; Larson, 1987; Mayer, 1986). Whereas caring has been described as an important component of quality nursing care, exploratory research is lacking in the study of factors which may influence the nurses’ ability to exhibit caring behaviours under varying conditions, and what additional factors may be involved in the delivery of quality nursing care. There is evidence in the literature to suggest that although nurses may be capable of providing quality care and know what constitutes quality care, their performance in practice may be affected by factors such as decreased numbers and the resulting reduction in available time, which can prevent the delivery of quality nursing care (Forchuk ; Kirkpatrick, 1991; Hendrickson, Doddato ; Kovner, 1990). A recent survey of 2,488 Australian nurses (Millis ; Tattam, 1994) found that budgetary cuts and management restructuring were having a negative impact on nurses’ work environment. Increased workload, reduced standards of care (particularly in the public sector), and a lack of improvement in patient care were also said to be apparent. In WA, hundreds of nurses protested at a rally organised by the Australian Nursing Federation to express concerns about the effects of economic cutbacks in the WA health environment. Specifically, the dismantling of the WA Nurses’ Career Structure and the reduction of nursing positions were said to be having a negative effect on the delivery of quality nursing care (Bartley, 1994). Nursing staff in the hospital environment of WA are currently challenged to maintain and improve the quality of care in the face of changing work patterns and moves to promote earlier discharge of hospitalised patients resulting from increasing economic restrictions (Health Observer, 1994). The indication that problems exist in the delivery of quality nursing care in WA warrants closer examination, to discover how nurses deliver quality care and factors which nurses perceive to affect the delivery of quality nursing care in the resent context of acute public hospitals in WA. Increasingly it is recognised that gaps exist between theory and practice (Chine ; Jacobs, 1987; Riley ; Oermann, 1992), an understanding may exist among nurses as to what constitutes quality nursing care, but what actually occurs in practice, under varying conditions, may differ from the recognised standard. Documentation of strategies used by nurses to maintain quality when conditions are adverse are 3 bsent in the literature, as is information indicating what circumstances are favourable to quality care provision and what constitutes the highest quality of nursing care. The suggestion that the delivery of quality nursing care within the public hospital context of WA may be subject to variation and be influenced by different conditions requires further investigation. As stated earlier in this proposal, some research has been performed in other countries on this phenomenon, but few studies have explored quality nursing care from the perspective of practising nurses. The use of the grounded theory method to research the phenomenon of quality nursing care allows exploration in terms of the current time, place and culture and can give new insights into a topic central to the practice of nursing (Chenitz ; Swanson, 1986). Furthermore, the gap between theory and practice may be reduced by a substantive theory developed in this way. Significance The significance of this research will be to increase our understanding of this complex phenomenon and contribute to efforts aimed at improving and maintaining quality nursing care, within the context of the WA health care system. A substantive theory explaining the process of quality nursing care, focussing on the nurses’ perspective, in an acute public hospital setting will be developed. Implications for practice will be discussed and directions for further research in this area will be provided. Research Method A qualitative research method is proposed for this study, using the grounded theory approach (Glaser Strauss, 1967). This method, which has its roots in Symbolic Interactionism, will reveal the reality of the quality ursing for nurses by interpreting data using a systematic set of procedures to develop a theory of the phenomenon, grounded in the findings (Strauss Corbin, 1990). Sample Selection The sample for the study will be drawn from nurses working in one area of an acute public hospital located in Perth, WA. Initially, a purposive sampling technique will be used to select nurses for interview. Only Registered Nurses with a minimum of six months post registration nursing experience (of w hich at least three must have been worked in the study area) will be approached. Participants will need to be able to reflect on and be willing to share detailed experiential information about the phenomenon. Volunteers will be sought initially at staff meetings and a contact number will be left on the notice board in each of the ward areas. Further participants will be approached using a theoretical sampling technique where initial analysis of data guides the researcher to subsequent specific data sources (Glaser Strauss, 1967). When this technique is used, sampling continues until ‘theoretical saturation’ occurs. This is recognised by the establishment and denseness of identified categories as well as an absence of new concepts in the data (Strauss Corbin, 1990). It is estimated that approximately 10-15 participants will be selected for interview, the final number being determined by theoretical saturation. Procedure Data will be collected from nurses through tape-recorded interviews guided by questions reflecting the objectives of the study (Appendix A). A semi-structured interviews technique will be used where, â€Å"use of the interview guide is not rigidly adhered to by the interviewer† (Chenitz Swanson, 1986, p. 67). In this technique the researcher explores different aspects of the topic in detail using probes such as how, what, where and when. Interviews will take place in mutually agreeable private venues where the risk of interruptions is perceived to be minimal. Basic demographic information will be gathered from participants before the interview commences (Appendix B). The primary source of data will be the transcribed interviews, however, published literature and some observation will be used as additional data sources. The observations will be performed by the researcher (who is regularly assigned to clinical areas) and recorded by field notes. The main objective of these observations will be to verify data obtained by interview. Furthermore, additional aspects may be noted to be included in subsequent interviews. Data Analysis The constant comparative method of data analysis will be used, whereby data are simultaneously collected, coded and analysed, in a way that allows the creativity necessary for the generation of a theory (Glaser Strauss, 1967). Interviews will be transcribed verbatim on a word processor and organised for 4 analysis using the Ethnograph computer software (Seidel, 1988). This package numbers each line of the interview transcript and allows for segments of the interview to be coded and selected as required. Firstly, interview transcripts will be coded line by line, sentence by sentence, by a process of ‘open coding’, to identify and label common themes and categories by asking questions about the content (Strauss Corbin, 1990). This will be done by extensively reading the data and listening to the tapes. Categories and subcategories will be developed from this, abbreviated and ‘mapped’ onto the numbered interview transcript through the Ethnograph. Coded segments from the interviews will be accessed from the computer for ‘Axial Coding’. This involves putting the data back together again in new ways by making connections between the coded categories and subcategories. ‘Memos’ and ‘diagrams’ will be used throughout the process of analysis. ‘Selective coding’ in which the core category is identified, relationships validated and sub-categories expanded, will take place before a ‘conditional matrix’ is constructed and a substantive theory developed (Strauss Corbin, 1990). Reliability and Validity A number of strategies will be employed throughout this study to ensure that he data collection and interpretation accurately reflects the phenomenon. Guba (1981) and LeCompte and Goetz (1982) discuss a number of ways in which reliability and validity issues of qualitative research can be addressed. This study has been designed to incorporate measures to address these issues as follows: †¢ To avoid bias in the data collection and analysis, the researcher (who possesses current personal experience of nursing in a hospital setting) will raise awareness of own preconceptions and bias to the topic by being interviewed by another researcher, using the proposed interview guide. The researcher will avoid imposing these preconceptions on the data collection and analysis. Furthermore, interview transcripts will be reviewed by an independent person to detect the presence of any such bias. A personal diary will also be kept. †¢ Interviews will be transcribed verbatim and transcripts will be checked for accuracy by listening to the tape recording. †¢ The process of data collection and analysis will be clearly described. †¢ During the coding of the data, other researchers will be asked to separately code segments of the transcripts to confirm the categories identified by the researcher. Once the description of the phenomenon is complete, a sample of participants will be approached and asked to validate the description by reading it and seeing if it makes sense in terms of their own experience. Ethical Issues The proposed research will be submitted through the Human Research Ethical Committee at Curtin University of Technology. The study has already been approved for implementation by the Nursing Research and Ethical Review Committee at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital. Each participant will be informed of the purpose of the study. Participants’ personal contribution together with their human rights will be explained and the opportunity to ask questions about the study will be provided. Once the participant is satisfied with the requirements of the study, a consent form will be signed. The consent outlines the purpose of the study, its voluntary nature, the right to withdraw at any time without penalty, as well as providing an assurance that all information provided will be treated in a non-identifiable, confidential manner (Appendix C). The consent form will be signed by the participant and the researcher, and a copy will be kept by each. Participants will be identified on the interview transcript by a numerical number. The identity of the participants will be known only to the researcher who will keep names and workplace details in a secure place, separate to the transcripts (this information will be required if further contact is necessary). In keeping with the requirements of the University, the transcribed interviews and field notes will be kept for a period of five years. Facilities and Resources The majority of expenses related to this project have already been funded by the Nursing Division of Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital. Additional expenses are estimated as follows: Photocopying and paper 5 reams @ $8 $440 5 Inter-Library Loans $200 Audio tapes 5 tapes @ $3 $15 Batteries 6 batteries @ $1 $6 Travel $100 Micro cassette recorder $400 Total: $1 161 Data Storage Data collected will be qualitative in nature and will be stored on a computer while analyses using Ethnograph computer software are completed. The data files will be maintained for five years after which they will be destroyed. Timeline June-August Year 1 Proposal submitted to University Ethics Committee August Year 1-January Year 2 Data collection and analysis February-June Year 2 Writing of final report 6 References Ambler Peters, D. (1991). Measuring quality: Inspection of opportunity. Holistic Nurse Practitioner, 5(3), 1-7. Appleton, C. (1993). The art of nursing: The experience of patients and nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 18, 892-899. Attree, M. (1993). An analysis of the concept â€Å"quality† as it relates to contemporary nursing care. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 30(4), 355-369. Bartley, J. (1994). Hundreds of nurses protest parliament rally huge success. Australian Nursing Federation Newsletter, 10(4), 1-4. Board, R. F. J. (1988). The relationship of expertise to views of quality of nursing care for hospitalized prenatal women. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Michigan. (From Combined International Nursing and Allied Health Literature, 1994, Abstract No. 1990114296) Brown, L. (1986). The experience of care: patient perspectives. Topics in Clinical Nursing, July, 56-62, Chenitz, C. , ; Swanson, C. (1986). From practice to grounded theory: Qualitative research in nursing. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley. Chinn, P. L. , ; Jacobs, M. K. (1987). Theory and nursing. The C. V. Mosby Company, USA. Chipman, Y. (1991). Caring: Its meaning and place in the practice of nursing. Journal of Nursing Education, 30(4), 171-175. Clarke, J. B. , ; Wheeler, S. J. (1992). A view of the phenomenon of caring in nursing practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17, 1283-1290. Cronin, S. N. , ; Harrison, B. (1988). Importance of nurse caring behaviours as perceived by patients after myocardial infarction. Heart and Lung, 17(4), 374-380. Deeny, P. , ; McCrea, H. (1991). Stoma care: the patient’s perspective. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16, 39-46. Erith-Toth, P. , Spencer, M. (1991). A survey of patient perception of quality care. Journal of Enterostomal Therapy Nursing, 18, 122-125. Fitzpatrick, J. M. , While, A. E. , Roberts, J. D. (1992). The role of the nurse in high quality patient care: a review of the literature. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17, 1210-1219. Forchuk, C. , Kirkpatrick, H. (1991). Nurses’ perception of quality of care. Canadian Journal of Nursing Administration, September/October, 7-16. Forrest, D. (1989). The experience of caring. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 14, 815-823. Fosbinder, D. M. (1991). Nursing care through the eyes of the patient. DNSc Thesis, University of San Diego (From Combined International Nursing and Allied Health Literature, 1994, Abstract No. 1992143848). From, M. A. (1992). The development of a caring nursing student. Abstract from Book of Abstracts, International State of the Science Congress, Washington DC, August, 208. Gilloran, A. J. , McGlew, T. , McKee, K. , Robertson, A. , ; Wight, D. (1993). Measuring the quality of care in psychogeriatric wards. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 18, 269-275. Glaser, B. , ; Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine. Guba, E. S. 1981). Criteria for assessing the trustworthiness of naturalistic inquiries. Educational Communication and Technology Journal, 29, 75-92. Harvey, G. (1991). An evaluation of approaches to assessing the quality of nursing care using (predetermined) quality assurance tools. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16, 277-286. Health Observer (1994). Silver Chain promotes early discharge. May, 18. Hendrickson, G. and Doddato, T. M. (1989). Setting priorities during the shortage. Nursing Outlook, 37(6), 280-284. Hendrickson, G. , Doddato, T. M. , ; Kovuer, C. T. (1990). How do nurses use their time? Journal of Nursing Administration, 20(3), 31-37. Irurita, V. (1993). From person to patient: Nursing care from the patient’s perspective. Unpublished report, Department of Nursing Research, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA. Janhonen, S. (1993). Finnish nurse instructors’ view of the core of nursing. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 30(2), 157-169. Jenkins, J. B. (1988). Quality in patient care as perceived by nursing care providers. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Texas at Austin. (From Combined International Nursing and Allied Health Literature, 1994, Abstract No. 112616) Kitson, A. L. (1986). Indicators of quality in nursing care – an alternative approach. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 11, 133-144. 7 Larson, P. J. (1984). Important nurse caring behaviours perceived by patients with cancer. Oncology Nurses Forum, 11(6), 46-50. Larson, P. J. (1986). Cancer nurses’ perceptions of caring. Cancer Nursing, 9(2), 86-91 Larson, P. J. (1987). Comparison of cancer patients’ and professional nurses’ perceptions of important nurse caring behaviours. Heart and Lung, 16(2), 187-193. Lapsley, J. (1989). The caring nurse: Patient dimensions perceptions and expectations. Unpublished project, Perth, WA. Le Compte, M. D. , Goetz, J. P. (1982). Problems of reliability and validity in ethnographic research. Review of Educational Research, 52(1), 31-60. MacGuire, J. M. (1991). Quality care assessed: using the Senior Monitor index in three wards for the elderly before and after a change in primary nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16, 511-520. Mangold, A. M. (1991). Senior nursing students’ and professional nurses’ perceptions of effective caring behaviours: A comparative study. Journal of Nursing Education, 30(3), 134-9. Mayer, D. K. (1986). Cancer patients’ and families perceptions of nursing caring behaviours. Topics in Clinical Nursing, 8(2), 63-69. Millis, G. , Tattum, A. (1994). ANJ readership survey. The Australian Nursing Journal, 1(6), 14-16. Morrison, P. (1990). The caring attitude in nursing practice: a repertory grid study of trained nurses’ perceptions. Nurse Education Today, 11, 3-12. Norman, I. J. , Redfern, S. J. , Tomalin, D. A. , Oliver, S. (1992). Developing Flanagann’s critical incident technique to elicit indicators of high and low quality nursing care from patients and their nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17, 590-600. Pearson, A. , Durant, I. , Punton, S. 1989). Determining quality in a unit where nursing is the primary intervention. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 14, 269-273. Rempusheski, V. F. , Chamberlain, S. L. , Picard, H. B. , Ruzanski, J. , Collier, M. (1988). Expected and received care: patient perceptions. Nursing Administrative Quarterly, 12(3), 42-50. Rieman, D. J. (1986). Noncaring and caring in the clinical setting: patients’ de criptions. Topics in Clinical Nursing, 8(2), 30-36. Riley, D. , Oermann, M. (1992). Clinical teaching in nursing education (2nd edition). National League for Nursing: New York. Schaefer, K. M. Lucke, K. T. (1990). Caring – the work of the Clinical Nurse Specialist. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 4(2), 87-92. Seidal, J. V. (1988). The Ethnograph version 3. 0 [computer program]. Corvallis, O. R. Qualis Research Associates. Smit, J. Spoelstra, S. (1991). Do patients and nurses agree? Caring Magazine, October, 34-36. Strauss, A. , Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research. Graounded theory procedures and techniques. Sage: California. Varholak, D. M. (1989). Experiencing quality nursing care in a long term setting: A patient-nurse perspective. Unpublished manuscript. Columbia University Teachers College. Whelan, J. (1988). Ward sisters’ management styles and their effects on nurses’ perceptions of quality care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 13, 125-138. Yonge, O. J. ( 1989). Nurses ‘ and patients’ ‘ perceptions of constant care in an acute care psychiatric facility: A descriptive qualitative study. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Alberta, Canada. 8 APPENDIX A Interview Guide What does quality nursing care mean to you? How does one ensure that quality nursing care is given? Give examples, in your experience, where you think high quality nursing care was given. Describe an incident). What are some of the most important aspects to consider in the delivery of quality nursing care? Can these be prioritised? What factors (if any) prevent you from achieving the delivery of quality nursing care to your patients (or patients generally)? What factors enable or help in the delivery of quality nursing care? Give examples of where improvements in nursing care delivery could have been made. How would you rate the quality of care given to patients in your area of work? 9 APPENDIX B Demographic Information 1. Length of time employed at this hospital:_____________ 2. Length of time employed as a nurse:_____________ 3. Length of time employed on present ward:___________ 4. Level: New graduate______ Level 1_____ Level 2______ 5. Part-time______ Full-time______ 6. Initial nursing education: Hospital_________ College/University__________ 7. Year completed__________ 8. Post basic educational achievements: ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 9. Current studies: ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 10. Male_______ Female________ 11. Age_________ How to cite Quality Nursing Care, Papers

Changes by Tupac Essay Example For Students

Changes by Tupac Essay Music is a fantastic way for individuals to express their opinions on controversial topics such as racism and poverty. One of the most famous artists Tupac Shakur helped bring to the light issues such as racism even after the era of Martin Luther king. Tupacs song Changes ? can relate to similar examples of the stories we read in class like When I was a Child ?, Homeless on Campus ?, and Singer solution to solve poverty ?. The song relates about the calamity of African Americans, especially the extreme cruelty and torture they encountered. Tupac says that things will constantly stay the same until the person makes a difference, rather than delaying for the society to intercede. Its time for us as a people to make a change. Lets change the way we eat, change the way we live, and change the way we treat each other. ? â€Å"Tupac. All three of these writings have related context that match to the song Changes ? by Tupac. The writing When I was a child ? by Lillian Smith, shows us an example of what kind of hardships African Americans went through in their life. The young girl, who enjoyed staying at the Smiths family, was kicked out, because she was no longer good enough to be recognized as a person. At the end of her writing it says, I had not said a word, I did not say one, but she knew, and tears slowly rolled down her little white face. ? This shows us how backwards everything seemed in the midst of segregation. Once they realized that she wasnt a white girl, her appearance no longer mattered to them. In the song Changes ? by Tupac, he says, I see no changes. All I see is racist faces. Misplaced hate makes disgrace to races we under. I wonder hat it takes to make this one better place lets erase the wasted. ? He describes the feelings African Americans had when they were not treated equal, just like how the young girl was treated in When I was a Child ?. Author Eleanor J. Bader, who wrote Homeless on Campus ? begins by telling the stories of four college students who are homeless. She also informs us that some students suffered from abuse, some were single parents, and some lost their jobs. She believes that service should be available to those who need it, but she realizes that the government and many universities are lacking that point. Eleanor J. Bader wishes to clear up the problem and provide help for college students who need it. In the song Changes ? Tupac says, Its time for us as a people to start makin some changes. Lets change the way we eat, lets change the way we live and lets change the way we treat each other. ? I felt like Eleanor J. Bader was trying to prove the same point like Tupac meant in his song. She wanted to make a difference to help people, and to make changes to the laws. In Peter Singers proposal Singer solution to solve poverty ?, he argues that the justly correct action is to donate any additional income that you gain, to children dying of poverty. He helps us comprehend our acknowledgment for the deaths of children in needy families by asking the reader to consider these situations and put these issues into real life. He gives examples of people doing harm to children, and how making money is their priority. When Peter Singer says Now you, too, have the information to save a childs life. How should you judge yourself if you dont do it? ? he is pleading and wants to make the readers understand his feelings for the poor children. He explains how money can be used in bad ways, but can also be for good use, like to help stop poverty. .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad , .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad .postImageUrl , .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad , .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad:hover , .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad:visited , .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad:active { border:0!important; } .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad:active , .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8dc9007f0580e181144b0a2ac80505ad:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music, Poetry, Passion.. EssayIn Tupacs song Changes ?, he explains that the world is becoming an unacceptable place to live in, and that we need to make changes on how we treat and show respect to other people. In conclusion, these stories have a very strong meaning and connection about racism and poverty. They show and describe how people suffered, and how they shouldve gotten help. In the song Changes ? Tupac says, Its time for us as a people to start makin some changes. Lets change the way we eat, lets change the way we live and lets change the way we treat each other, ? and I truly agree with that. Eleanor J. Bader was trying to do that, but she needed the support and approval from the university and the government. In the writing When I was a child ? explains some of the hardships African Americans went through in their life, and how terrible segregation was. In the proposal Singer solution to solve poverty ?, Singer argues that people should donate any additional money that they gain, to children dying of poverty. All three of these writings have similar meanings that match to the song Changes ? by Tupac. We should apply these good changes to our lives, so we can become better people. itiesow terrible segregration poverty. e good to

Review- Concept Of Cold War Arguments and Causes of War and Peace

Question: Writing in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Francis Fukuyama, John Mearsheimer, and Samuel Huntington reflected on the end of the Cold War and what this change might mean for world politics. Their arguments, provocative and controversial at the time, provide excellent examples of critical thinking and writing (but also give some insight into the weaknesses of different IR concepts and the dangers of attempting to predict the future). In reviewing these three important articles, you should: outline the articles key questions and central arguments; identify their underlying assumptions and key concepts; locate their place in the IR field (i.e. their theoretical and conceptual approaches) review the evidence they put forward to support their claims; and evaluate how well their arguments have explained the subsequent two decades of world politics Articles Under ReviewFukuyama, Francis. 1989. The End of History? Reproduced in Conflict after the Cold War: Arguments and Causes of War and Pea ce, 3rd ed., edited by Richard K. Betts, 617. New York: Pearson Longman, 2008. Mearsheimer, John J. 1990. Why We Will Soon Miss the Cold War. Atlantic 266 (2): 3542. Huntington, Samuel P. 1993. The Clash of Civilizations? Foreign Affairs 72 (3): 2249. Answer: Article Review and Analysis Introduction This study is based on the critical analysis of the articles written on the concept of cold war era by three eminent authors. The articles reviewed are The End of History? Reproduced in Conflict after the Cold War: Arguments and Causes of War and Peace by Francis Fukuyama (Betts 2008), Why We Will Soon Miss the Cold War by John J. Mearsheimer (Mearsheimer 1990) and The Clash of Civilizations? by Samuel P Huntington (Huntington 1993). As stated by Samuel Huntington, when the cold war was going on, it was observed that the world was split into three different worlds. Namely, the first, second and the third worlds. However, these divisions are not prevalent any more. In contemporary times, the countries are not grouped in accordance to the political or economic systems and are instead grouped according to their levels of culture and civilization. John J. Mearsheimer, on the other hand lays stress on the reasons on why people would actually miss the cold war after it has ended (Mearsheimer 1990). Finally the third author Francis Fukuyama bases his article on the question as to whether the end of the cold war meant the end of history. In this study the researcher examines and analyses the different aspects of the arguments put forward by the different scholars. Arguments and Assumptions Scholar Huntington discusses in this paper that when the cold war had began the Iron curtain had divided the country of Europe both in political as well as in ideological manner. When the Cold War ended this ideological division also disappeared and what emerged was the cultural division of Europe dividing it in Orthodox Christianity and Islam. The articles of Huntington make a framework on the future and divide the culture in the world into seven different and contemporary civilizations (Huntington 1993). These civilizations are Japanese, Slavic-Orthodox, Latin American, Confucian, Western, Hindu and Latin American (Burgan 2001). Additionally, he also judged that the country of Africa to be one such country that comprises of a possible civilization which depends on the development that this country has made in terms of consciousness. Most of the divisions made by Huntington were mainly keeping in mind the cultural and religious differences. The other controversial article by John J. Mearsheimer primarily states that after quite a number of years it might be so that people would consider the cold war period to be a long peace period instead. It was considered that the manner in which the military and the power of the government would be distributed and characterized would actually define the actual reasons behind war and peace. During the cold war it is known that the world was bipolar and according to the author there was peace during this period due to this bipolarity (Magesa 2001). The distribution of power as roughly divided into two parts and both the militaries were of a more or less capable size (von Soest and Wahman). Additionally both the super powers had very large nuclear weapon that could destroy countries. The controversial article on the end of history by Francis Fukuyama covered the issue that the end of the Cold War meant the end of world history. With the end of the Cold War the limits of the alternatives of the liberalism such as the concepts of the fascism or monarchy or communism fell all over in the internal disagreements. During these times capitalism and democracy won over the points of communism in order to achieve human ideology as well as institution. Critical Analysis of the different approaches of the authors The three articles even though have covered the same area of cold war the approach of the authors have been quite different. For instance the in the article by Fukuyama, the analysis can be divided into two folds. The first being the philosophical investigation done on human nature and the normal logic of Universal history and the second is the description given by the author of the world politics of the post cold war era. Nevertheless, it must also be noted that these two elements of philosophical and empirical and political elements have been so well mixed and that they blend with each other in such a manner that when these two elements are argued and conversed singularly they tend to act against each other (Matlock 2010). In this thesis by the author the extremely complex and artificial framework is brought forward along with other great scholars. The author Fukuyama also pledges on the idealism by scholar Hegel and moral philosophy by scholar Kant and finally argues that his writing is extremely idealistic and normative (Appelqvist 2008). Author Huntington in his article discusses that at the micro level, with regard to the ideological disagreements between the broadminded democracy and communism there are chances of a number of future conflicts that might occur in the borders between the civilizations. At the macro level he states that in future there might be clashes taking place between the different states having different civilizations in order to control the international institutions and for the economic and military powers (Wesscholar.wesleyan.edu 2010). The author further considers these future predictions on a mixture of the conflicts to be normal and further asserts that arrival of the nations states would actually be an event in the world that is dominated in most of the times by the conflicting histories between different civilizations. Nevertheless, this would rather be a doubtful consideration since these conflicts between two or more civilizations are primarily driven by the geographical and teh politi cal elements instead of the cultural differences and this can be stated as an equally influential method to view the history. The third author Mearsheimer in his article considers this cold war period to be a more peaceful period since this bipolar world demanded loyalty from the other minor powers which then can be secured from the other minor powers and they are also protected from any attack from the other rival major powers. He states that when there are a number of big powers and there exists a multi-polar system, it becomes difficult to avoid the powers since when irregularities between the powers the stronger powers can be extremely difficult to avoid. The bigger powers will get a chance to bully the weaker powers whereas in the bipolar system of world there will be no chance of such a thing (Olesen 2008) (Schlesinger 1992). Further in a multi-polar system it would be difficult to calculate the size and strength of the countries and would mainly be due to the reason that the international order would never be constant and would always be subject to changes. In order to determine the stability of the powers it is necessary to determine the size of the vacuum that exists between the military powers of the two leading countries. Huntington states that when the gaps are small it promotes peace and when there are larger gaps it tends to promote war. He further states that nuclear weapons would actually be more a powerful force for peace. The two decades of World Politics The author in his article The Clash of Civilizations seemed to have rejected the other author Fukuyamas article on end of history. This was primarily because according to Huntington Fukuyamas article was more of a delusion of harmony (Wesscholar.wesleyan.edu 2010). Huntington, on the other hand, considered with the end of the cold war the conflicts existing with the Western civilizations would also end and a new era of conflicts between civilizations would begin in return. Nevertheless, it must be noted that both the authors attempted to draw a historical implication from the result of the Cold War and also tried to figure out a huge theory of history. Considering the entire scenario, for Huntington the post cold war time was representing a watershed and for Fukuyama this view was tempered with different qualifications. Mearsheimer, who is usually called a realist but with offensive views held that international relations can be best conquered by the bipolar world as it will also avoid the indulgence with nuclear powers. Mearsheimer, further had predicted that with the end of the Cold War most probably the continent of Europe would again become a very unstable multi-polar system (Theatlantic.com 2015) (Saull 2013). In order to avoid this, the author suggested that there should be an increase in the nuclear proliferation in the continent (Theatlantic.com 2015). Mearsheimer, had also predicted that there would be some structural and powerful imperatives of the international systems. Conclusion For Huntington, the end of the Cold War era implies that there was a watershed in the history and for Fukuyama there tends to be shift in the patterns of international relations. However, it has been observed that as a result of the ambitions of these authors both the patterns have been criticized by most scholars and has also been generally misunderstood individually as well as when compared together. With regard to Mearsheimer, it must be noted that he did not study the Middle East and it may be understood that these authors were trying to solve a problem that was more or less imaginary. References Appelqvist, Orjan. 2008. 'Rediscovering Uncertainty: Early Attempts At A Pan-European Post-War Recovery'.Cold War History8 (3): 327-352. doi:10.1080/14682740802222130. Betts, Richard K. 2008. 'The End Of History? Reproduced In Conflict After The Cold War: Arguments And Causes Of War And Peace'.Muni. https://is.muni.cz/do/fss/57816/40125114/Betts_-_Conflict_After_the_Cold_War_1-167.pdf. Burgan, Michael. 2001.Cold War. Austin, TX: Raintree Steck-Vaughn. Clark, Ian. 2001.The Post Cold War Order. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Clark, Ian. 2001.The Post Cold War Order. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Huntington, Samuel P. 1993. 'The Clash Of Civilizations?'.Foreign Affairs72 (3): 2249. Magesa, Laurenti. 2001. 'Mission In The Post Cold War Era Considerations For The 21St Century'.Exchange30 (1): 197-217. doi:10.1163/157254301x00129. Matlock, Jack. 2010. '1989: The Struggle To Create Post-Cold War Europe'.Cold War History10 (4): 575-578. doi:10.1080/14682745.2010.513512. Mearsheimer, John J. 1990. 'Why We Will Soon Miss The Cold War'.Atlantic266 (2): 3542. Olesen, Thorsten. 2008. 'Under The National Paradigm: Cold War Studies And Cold War Politics In Post-Cold War Norden'.Cold War History8 (2): 189-211. doi:10.1080/14682740802018686. Saull, Richard. 2013. 'Constructing A PostWar Order: The Rise Of US Hegemony And The Origins Of The Cold War (London: I.B. Tauris, 2011), 327 Pp.'.Cold War History13 (4): 566-567. doi:10.1080/14682745.2013.849022. Schlesinger, James. 1992. 'Quest For A Post-Cold War Foreign Policy'.Foreign Affairs72 (1): 17. doi:10.2307/20045494. Theatlantic.com,. 2015. 'Why We Will Soon Miss The Cold War - 90.08'. Accessed February 25. https://www.theatlantic.com/past/politics/foreign/mearsh.htm. von Soest, Christian, and Michael Wahman. 'Sanctions And Democratization In The Post-Cold War Era'.SSRN Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2206849. Wesscholar.wesleyan.edu,. 2010. 'Revisiting Fukuyama: The End Of History, The Clash Of Civilizations, And The Age Of Empire'. https://wesscholar.wesleyan.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1405context=etd_hon_theses.