Culture and Leadership in Microsoft Research Paper

Culture and Leadership in Microsoft - Research Paper Example Culture and leadership are the two main and basic features of the organizations involved in any kind of business or service provision. These elements enable a company to flourish and achieve its aims and objectives in a much clearer way than those workplaces which lack proper formulation and translation of the values and norms. When we see the success stories of the leading, global firms around us, it gives a good realization of the fact that a good leadership and a sophisticated organizational culture form a good organization. This paper discusses the concept of organizational culture and leadership in a detailed context. It also gives a comprehensive overview of these concepts with reference to Microsoft. Organizational Culture The concept of organizational culture plays an important role in the life and functioning of any organization. Defining the term in its specific context, the culture of an organization pertains to an idea referring to the aspect of organizational studies and management which explains the attitudes, experiences, psychology, beliefs and values related to an organization. According to many management experts the concept of organizational culture is described as the explicit compilation of norms and values which are commonly shared by groups and people in an organization. These values, beliefs and norms also influence the way the people in an organization communicate and network with one another and with the external parties and stakeholders outside the organization. To extend it further, these ideas and beliefs explain the nature of goals that the members in an organization normally follow. The culture also translates the suitable standards of behaviors, attitudes and the environment w hich are used by the members of the organization. Leadership Leadership is one of the main elements of the organizational management. According to many management experts and gurus, the term is described as the process of influencing the society and the workforce in which one member acts as the leaders and lists the support and assistance for other people and the subordinate in order to achieve the completion of a tasks which is being worked on as a mutual goal. The act of leading refers to the creation of a way through which the people in an organization put in their efforts and contributions in order to contribute something unusual to happen. Talking specifically about the implementation and influence if leadership in the organization, the effectiveness of this act pertains to the capability of the /leader to execute a successful maximization and instability to successfully integrate and maximize available resources within the internal and external environment for the attainment o f organizational or societal goals 1 Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is the leading organization in the field of the provision of computer hardware and software products. The company is a public multinational based in America and is headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA. The company is basically involved in the development, manufacturing, licensing and supporting a diverse variety of services and products which are chiefly connected to the computer-related technology thorough the divisions of many of its product divisions2. The history of Microsoft Corporation briefly dates back to April 4, 1975 and this was the time when BASIC interpreters was developed and sold to Altair 8800. The company also rose to control the computer operating system in the home market in mid-1980s with MS-DOS, which was later followed by the introduction of the modern Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. The Microsoft Corpora

Fundementals of nursing informatics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fundementals of nursing informatics - Assignment Example A patient care scenario will be discussed to discern how NANDA, NOC and NIC elements were applied. The data, information, knowledge and wisdom framework will be applied to develop the patient care scenario. STNs are utilized as part f the Electronic Health Records in healthcare setting and symbolize the nursing data, information, as well as knowledge, which can be kept in the electronic systems to be utilized as a reference by doctors or nurses. The scenario that this paper will be discussing is: 40 year old male patient presenting to the ED with CP x 3 days and c/o SOB. Pt is diaphoretic and pale on arrival. VSS are BP 123/74; HR 130; pt. with shallow rapid respirations rate 36; O2 sat 96% on 4L NC. The registered nurse chose the correct clinical diagnoses make use of the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) terminology rooted in the patient’s immediate needs, as well as her comprehensive evaluation. The care plan she developed has a linkage between patients’ needed goals, interventions and diagnoses. Utilizing the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), the patient and nurse set the desired short-term and long-term goals. Nursing diagnosis, which would be practical for the scenario might be: reduced cardiac output r/t compromised regulatory mechanism; excessive fluid volume r/t compromised regulatory mechanism; fear r/t unknown outcome of developing situation, nervousness r/t situation of sickness and knowledge deficit r/t nonconformity with medication. Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), on the other hand, is an all-inclusive, standardized classification of clinical outcomes developed to assess the impact of interventions offered by nurses (Mà ¼ller†Staub et al., 2006). Rooted in the scenario, the NOC might be: Excessive Fluid Volume: Fluid Balance, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance, Hydration; Fear: States precise information on the situation, Verbalizes known fears; Anxiety:

Professional Roles And Values Essay Example for Free

Professional Roles And Values Essay My personal nursing mission statement is changing and developing as my career advances, however, one core piece will remain constant. I will strive to provide the best, safest, most ethical and compassionate nursing care that I can for all patients and family members with whom I come in contact. I began my post-high school academic career as an accounting major. I enjoyed the challenge of manipulating a report until I had balanced. I thought I had found my calling. As my first semester was nearing an end, I found myself contemplating the thought of sitting behind a desk all day. I wondered if I would find fulfillment in this work as a career? The more I pondered this thought, the more I realized that this was not the right career path for me. I saw images of the medical assistant program in the catalog at the school where I was attending. I could not shake the thought of the medical field for a profession. I attained my medical assistant degree and worked in the field for 10 years. The longer I worked, the more I realized that there was more that I wanted to do, but my current degree restricted me from going further. I researched nursing school programs and selected one with a night/weekend program that would allow me to continue working full-time during my studies. I have a family that I needed to continue to provide for and this seemed to be the best fit. My nursing school decision was fortified when I was selected for an award by the nursing faculty from all four semesters for excellence in the clinical setting. After graduation, I began my nursing career working as a case manager for orthopedic worker’s compensation patients. During this time I gained critical knowledge of the importance of clear documentation, the ever-changing requirements of insurance companies and an extra measure of compassion for patients whose lives were often changed by traumatic injuries. This time helped me to develop personally and professionally as a nurse. From there I went on to develop an in-office infusion program for  gastroenterology patients suffering from Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis. This experience helped me to learn valuable organizational and time management skills. I also learned a vast amount about the challenges of GI issues for patients of every age. This opportunity gave me leadership skills, as I was responsible for a program that serviced two locations, management of nursing staff and medical assistants. I also learned a very human side of nursing, as my patients visited me every eight weeks and were here for two to three hours at each visit. I got to know them as individualsmothers, fathers, children, students and employees. They became part of my life. To date there are nearly 70 patients for whom I am responsible. My next endeavor begins in one week. I will be leaving my â€Å"baby† to one of the nurses I have trained, to embark on a new challenge. I will be learning to work in a surgical setting, at an ambulatory surgery center. I know this new opportunity will push me to grow further as a nurse, as I seek to learn critical care. I hope to develop a new level of compassion and expertise that I can then use to provide comfort and reassurance to the patients for whom I am responsible. I am excited about this new challenge and look forward to all that I can bring to it. I believe nursing should cause us to change and grow; to stretch us to reach new levels of education, knowledge and compassion. I will strive to continually learn as my career progresses to better myself and provide the highest level of care for my patients. What is the functional difference between a regulatory agency, such as the board of nursing, and a professional nursing organization? While there are some overlapping concepts, for the most part they are very different in function. Both regulatory agencies and professional nursing organizations are concerned with equipping nurses in ways to provide the best, safest, most effective and ethical care. They differ in that a regulatory agency is just that, regulations. They set up rules that govern the way in which a nurse provides care to their patients. These regulations are not suggestions, but requirements that are expected of all nurses in all situations. Regulatory boards are not made up of â€Å"memberships† like a professional nursing organization. Regulatory agencies require certain standards for individuals to achieve to be licensed to provide nursing care. The public can gain reassurance about the nursing profession from knowing that nurses are regulated by a board of nursing. Professional nursing organizations (PNO), on the other hand, are optional memberships. One can choose to be part of an organization that will help to advance oneself in a specific area of nursing, such as the American Academy of Occupational Health Nurses (AAOHN), the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses (AMSN), the American Nurses Association (ANA), or the American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM). (Monster staff) The list of PNOs is quite extensive and includes organizations for most any nursing specialty. PNOs also seek to shape health policy or public policy related to health matters. (unknown1) Professional nursing organizations work to advance public awareness of their branch of nursing or the nursing profession as a whole. They also seek to draw public attention to the nursing profession as a whole. There are many factors in a nursing code of ethics that guide how I choose to practice as a nurse. I will now explain how two components of a nursing code of ethics taken from the American Nurses Association guide my personal nursing practice. First I will look at, â€Å"The nurse, in all professional relationships, practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems.† (American Nurses Association) This principle has affected me personally, in that in my current position of developing an infusion program for my office, I have been responsible for evaluating patients for the appropriateness of care in this setting. I am required to look at their health conditions, their emotional status and their insurance to determine if they meet the abilities of our in-office staff to provide excellent, safe, compassionate c are. It is imperative that I am non-judgmental and look at each patient as an individual. Their personal health needs must be foremost in my mind when I decide if we can care for them appropriately or not. It is a lot of responsibility and very difficult at times. I do believe I have been successful in this in that we have nearly doubled the number of patients we care for in the last six months. Second, †The nurse is responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice and determines the appropriate delegation of tasks consistent with  the nurses obligation to provide optimum patient care. In my current role, I am responsible for over-seeing other nurses and medical assistants in provision of care for our patients. It is imperative that I am certain that we are providing care that is within our scope of practice. Often, in an office setting, the doctors get comfortable with the skills of their nursing staff and request tasks, expecting that we will take care of them properly. I must be certain that orders are properly documented and signed by the providers and that I am not doing or asking others to do tasks that are not within our scopes of practice. On a weekly basis I find things that need to go back to the provider for clarification or reassignment for management by appropriate staff. This is paramount to assure safe care and ethical treatment of patients, as well as protection of staff from inappropriate expectations. In my upcoming role as a nurse in a surgical setting, I will be working daily with an interdisciplinary team of ordering physicians, surgeons, anesthesiologists, LPNs and many others. My practice will be guided by the following four divisions from the American Nurses Association: 1) nurses and people, 2) nurses and practice, 3) nurses and the profession, and 4) nurses and co-workers. (Lyons) First, as discussed in provisions 1-4, nurses and people considers all people, not just patients. This means I will consider families and other people involved in the patient’s care or life. Nurses and practice, from provisions 5-8, will require me to stay educated and aware of the current standards of practice and ethical guidelines by which a nurse should practice. According to provisions 5-9, by following the guideline of nurses and the profession, membership in PNOs will be important in helping me to stay aware of current standards for the specialty in which I am working, as well as current healthcare policy or legislation that is being negotiated. As a professional nurse, it will be important for me to be involved in advocating for the policy that I believe best suites the patients for whom I care. Lastly, as outlined in provisions 5-6, nurses and co-workers is of significant importance. New nurses often hear, â€Å"nurses eat their young†. I do not believe this should ever be the case. Our job is to guide and educate our patients. Why then, wouldn’t we be willing to help those fellow nurses in their work and development? I will seek to help my  fellow co-workers, whether they are nurses, LNAs or other professionals to provide the best care and maintain a healthy work environment in which all co-workers are valued for what th ey have to offer. One nursing theory that has influenced my nursing practice to date is Dorothea Orem’s â€Å"Self-Care Theory†. In Orem’s theory, she states that a person’s well-being is based on whole person health, to include both physical and mental health. In addition, she takes into consideration the social and interpersonal aspects of the person’s well-being. This theory is based upon individuals being responsible for their own care and the care of their family. This theory impacted my nursing practice significantly during my time as an orthopedic nurse case manager. It was of the utmost importance that patients took responsibility for their health, both for the sake of their physical status, as well as for the maintenance of their position at their place of employment. Orem’s theory also states that individuals need to be aware of potential health problems. This is important in worker’s compensation case management because patients needed to be aware of their ability to perform their work tasks. This sharing of information helped me to be a greater advocate for my patients with their providers and employers. As I continue on into a surgical setting, this theory will also be important as patients will need to know what to anticipate after their surgery physically, emotionally and socially. The nursing figure who immediately comes to mind as having an impact on my nursing practice is Florence Nightingale. I have known of her since my childhood, even before I knew I would grow up to be a nurse. I did not study her closely until I began nursing school. The reason I have selected Florence Nightingale is that she had such a significant impact on ground-breaking theory that led into today’s aseptic techniques. Ms. Nightingale led a team of nurses who helped to reduce the mortality rate for wounded soldiers during the Crimean War by two-thirds. (Unknown) Thanks to her careful attention to detail and relentless desire to help others, she studied the unsanitary conditions under which her patients were being cared for. She then developed new hygiene practices that created lasting impact on today’s medical profession. This information is the ground work for what  will guide my aseptic practices in a surgical setting, as well as those that I used working in wound c are in the orthopedic specialty. They are the basis for infection control in all healthcare settings. She was far ahead of her time. I recently had a situation with a patient where I had to exercise beneficence and respect for autonomy. My patient was having a reaction to an infusion of a medication called Remicade. This was her first dose being done in this clinical setting, and her second dose overall. Within the first 15 minutes of her infusion, I watched as she went from talkative and seemingly fine, to flushed, diaphoretic and shaky. I called the physician to get his input. He advised that I continue with my plan to hold the medication and run normal saline for a period of monitoring. We would reassess in 20 minutes to see if we could restart her infusion. As the end of the 20 minutes of normal saline was approaching, the patient seemed to deteriorate. She began to have rigors. This was not a typical infusion reaction. It was not listed in any of the research or clinical articles of which I had read. I called the physician back. As I did so, the patient expressed concern about whether or not he was going to s end her to the hospital. She desperately did not want to go. Over the last 5 months, she had been in and out of the hospital for extended periods of time. The thought of returning there frightened her. The physician suggested that she should go to the emergency room. As she expressed concern about going, he glanced at me. He then requested that I consult with her ordering physician. Upon calling the ordering physician, I could have expressed concern about her condition. I could have told him that I thought the other physician was correct. However, there was something in her request that seemed very controlled. Her vital signs were stable. I knew I was surrounded by help if it was needed. I trusted the patient’s request to remain autonomous. The ordering physician also felt that the patient would benefit from staying at the infusion center if she was physically able. I assured him the situation was under control and that I would transfer her immediately if her condition worsened. The patient stayed with me for monitoring for another 2  ½ hours. Her condition improved and she was able to safely return home without having to visit the emergency room. Beneficence is â€Å"action that is done for the benefit of others†. (Pentilat) I believe I acted with beneficence in making this decision to keep the patient with me. I believe the stress of a transfer to the emergency room may have made her condition worse and may have caused her to be admitted again. I have seen this patient since then and she has assured me that the extra time I had given her in the office impacted her both physically and emotionally. It is situations like this that make me truly love my job. It is times like this that I know nursing is not a job, it is a calling. REFERENCES American Nurses Association. Code of Ethics. (2015) Retrieved May 8, 2015 from http://www.nursingworld.org/Mobile/Code-of-Ethics Monster staff. The Ultimate List of Professional Associations for Nurses. (2015). Retrieved May 8, 2015 from http://nursinglink.monster.com/education/articles/11850-the-ultimate-list-of-professional-associations-for-nurses Nursing Excellence, The Online Newsletter for Childrens Nurses, e-Edition, Issue 9, Code of Ethics for Nurses, Jo A. Lyons, MOB, BS, RN-BC, Retrieved May 8, 2015 from http://www.valleychildrens.org/PRESSROOM/PUBLICATIONS/NURSINGEXCELLENCE9/Pages/CodeOfEthicsForNurses.aspx Pentilat, S., Beneficence vs. Non-maleficence. (2008) Retrieved May 9, 2015 from http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/ethics/Content%20Pages/fast_fact_bene_nonmal.htm Unknown1. Differentiating the Roles of Regulatory Bodies and Associations for Health Professionals, A Background Document. (Feb. 2010) Retrieved May 8, 2015 from http://www.nursing.ubc.ca/Scholarship/RNNetwork/do cuments/Differentiating%20the%20Roles%20of%20Regulatory%20Bodies%20and%20Associations%20%20-%20Feb%202010.pdf Unknown2. Florence Nightingale. (2015). The Biography.com website. Retrieved 07:54, May 09, 2015, fromhttp://www.biography.com/people/florence-nightingale-9423539.

The Moral And Ethical Role Of Government

The Moral And Ethical Role Of Government Ethics and morality form a central position in the functioning of the government. Under normal circumstances, it is the role of the government to ensure a just society where order and harmony exist. As a result the government has to establish and enforce ethical and moral standards so as to ensure that the society functions well. Decision making is the governments chief role. Therefore it must make ethical and moral considerations in order to make decisions that are in line with the welfare of the society. Ethics and morality are used interchangeably. The two terms are related in several ways. Nonetheless, there is an inconsequential dissimilarity linking the two. Most commonly is the fact that morality goes deeper than ethics in defining human behavior and conduct. Ethics refer to the standards that make the society a better place of all while morality provide for more deeper considerations that amount to religion and spirituality. In order for the government to ensure that ethical standards are adhered to, ethics and aspects of morality are entrenched into the law. This makes it conveniently possible to enforce ethical standards and ensure that all people conform to the law. However, certain aspects of ethics and morality cannot be made legal. This will make the society more complicated since certain morality aspects and ethics are perceptive. This brings into perspective the facet of belief and religion which formulates different people to hold diverse views on the concept of ethics and morality. The upshot is that, the government plays a significant role in enforcing ethics and morality. As a result it is expected that the leaders ensure that the society is just and orderly for all. The aim of this paper is to critically examine the role of the government in morality an ethics. To succeed in this endeavor, the paper will discuss different aspects of morality and ethics. Role of Government One of the central purposes of the government is to enforce the law. The law represents the will of the people who have their own cultural and ethical perceptions of reality. As a result the government enforces the ethical and moral values of the people it governs. In other words it can be rightly said that the government serves to accomplish the peoples perceptions of reality as represented in their ethical and moral values. This makes the role of the government more complex not forgetting that not all values of ethical and moral consideration can be enforced by the government. However, the government remains the prime custodian of peoples values. Ethics and moral values have a great influence on the operation of the society. It is therefore true that the government exercises control over the society. This is true in light of the task of enforcing laws. In order to get a better understanding of the role of the government as far as ethics and morality is concerned; more focus should be on the law (Preston Bishop 2000). The law is the governments instrument of power. To perform its functions, the government relies majorly on the law. On the other hand the law is perceived as being representative of the ethical, cultural and moral values of the people. Therefore as much as the law might not be the perfect tool of enforcing ethical and moral values, it remains the governments chief weapon against unprincipled practices and immorality. The law describes what is right and acceptable in society and therefore provides a blue print towards an ethical and just society. In order to affirm their quest for a just society, citizens are expected to adhere to the provisions of the law. Therefore, the law binds the society together bringing harmony among different people. Failure to conform to the law is perceived as breaking ethical standards established and is thus punishable. Therefore, the law is perceived as the peoples will to be enforced by the government. There are a lot of challenges the government faces in its ethical and moral roles. First and foremost are the different perceptions of ethics and morality. This is coupled by the practical reality that the law does not fully represent ethical and moral standards. Perceptions are a great threat to the governments role. This is due to the fact that certain parameters which are legal are sometimes perceived as violating ethical and moral standards. A good example is the issue of abortion. As much as abortion might be legalized, it still remains a debatable ethical issue. This is due to the fact that it is seen by some members in society as unethical. Other issues include divorce and promiscuity. These conflicts underline the fact that the law is not a sufficient tool of enforcing ethical and moral values. It underscores the failure of the government to ensure a just society through enforcing the law. Ethical and Social Obligations Ethics and a society are inseparable, due to the fact that ethical standards are the adhesive of a healthy society. Therefore there can never be a society without standards that define behavior and conduct. A just society can only exist in line with a set of values that represent the ethical and moral values of the people. A society on the other hand is governed by a group of leaders through the institution of government (Kizza, 2010). Therefore, it is obvious that it is the role of the government to ensure that the society is just and orderly. This is what is referred to as social obligations of the government. In essence the government is a tool of the society. It is established by the society to govern it and enforce laws that are deemed to represent the wishes, values and convictions of the people. The governments social obligations are nothing but the functions of ensuring that ethical and moral standards are adhered to accordingly. This involves the task of ensuring that the laws set represent the ethical and moral values of the people. Conversely, the government needs to go beyond the institutional role of enforcing laws to more welfare operations. This is line with the fact that the law in itself is inefficient as far as ensuring the enforcement of ethical and moral obligations is concerned. Decision Making A critical look at the origin of government points at the true essence of the institution. Several theories outline the origin of politics or government. Nevertheless, the contract of social theory is much relevance to the governments decision making role. Under the social contract theory, members of the society came together and surrendered their freedoms in exchange for order. In order to achieve this objective, the people established a government which was to govern the state on their behalf. Among the principal roles given of this institution was that of making decisions on behalf of the people (Cremer 2009). Therefore the governments most significant role is that of decision making. The role of making a decision is supposed to be in line with the interests and values of the society. This underscores the big role played by the government in ensuring a just society for all. Therefore in making a decision the government plays an important part in enforcing ethical and moral standards. Apart from enforcing the law which is perceived as the will of the people, the government has the authority to make decision that affect the functioning of the society. Therefore in making these decisions the government ought to put ethical and moral obligations in prime focus. In this role the aspect of public trust emanates. The government has been given the public trust which must be reflected in every decision it makes. Therefore public officials must make decisions that not only promote ethics and morality but also represent the same. In making decisions the government needs to be guided by two principal aspects. First and foremost is respect of the law. The law is the supreme guarantor of morality, ethics and justice. Therefore due importance should be granted to the law in the process of making decisions. Decisions that are contrary to the provisions of the law should be discouraged. The law should be the common denominator of all government decisions. This will protect the people from leaders with evil intentions. Another critical aspect of consideration is that of ethical consideration beyond the law. This should be interpreted in a positive manner to mean that the law should be upheld in high esteem but should not be the end of ethics. Certain aspects of morality and ethics are not entrenched in the law but should be upheld in decision making. This regards appointments and other aspects of governance. This calls for integrity on the part of state officials in the discharge of their duties. Need For Appropriate Actions Leadership is a delicate affair which involves a lot of aspects. Since leadership involves the tasks of vision, direction and governance a lot of care must be made to ensure that ethical and moral; standards do not take a back seat. The government is bestowed with a daunting task of ensuring order and justice in the society. This is to be achieved through the enforcement of laws that represent the ethical and moral values of the society. This is also done through the making of legal and ethical decisions. The government therefore plays a primary role in the whole concept of ethics and morality. Through its actions, decisions and operations the government has a lot of impact on the functioning of the society. There is need for appropriate actions on the part of the government so as not to undermine ethics and morality (Kiel Lennick, 2007). Since the success of a society depends on the manner in which ethical standards are adhered to, the government officials ought to be careful in th eir actions so as to promote a just and orderly society. It is against this background that governments need to put several measures in place so as to ensure that the aspect of ethics and morality plays an important role in its functions. This will result in a justly moral and ethical society which is what will make life better for the people. As far as the governments role in achieving justice and order in society is concerned, a number of considerations are necessary. Caution must be exercised in the process discharging the functions of the government. State officers ought to conduct their activities in manner that does not undermine ethical and moral values. To start with, it will be necessary to vet people before appointment to such positions. This will ensure that all those who get these positions are people of integrity. This will go a long way in ensuring that the role of the government in guaranteeing ethics and justice is not undermined by the quality of personnel in its ranks. Suggestions The ethical and moral role of the government is instrumental in ensuring justice and order in the society. Therefore it is upon the officials in the government to ensure that their actions and activities go in line which fostering harmony among the people. This will be achieved if all the laws are enforced in line with the peoples ethical and moral values as envisaged in the law. On top of these, the decision making arm of the government must be fully used to enhance ethical and moral values in the society. It will be against the purpose of ethics should state officials make illegal and unethical decisions. Apart from that state officials must be men and women of integrity so as not to compromise the values of the society. In order to succeed in this endeavor it will be appropriate for the government to classify its moral obligations into two. These are institutional duties and the social responsibilities. The former refers to the use of laws and structures of governance to enforce total adherence to moral and ethical values. This will call for the enactment of laws that represent the ethical and moral values of the people (Fisher 2003). Through the law, the government will ensure that there is justice and order in the society. Those who break the law should be liable for punishment. These will dissuade offenders and make society orderly and harmonious. Social responsibilities refer to those roles that affirm ethical values in the cultural set up. Through this arm, the government will set up and fund several organizations and commissions to cultivate tolerance, orderliness and ethics among the society. This will call for equity and equality so that all sections of the society feels taken care of. On to p of this is the decision making role f the government. The government should use its authority to make decisions in promoting justice, order and ethics. Conclusion The government is the chief custodian of morality and ethical values in the society. It is the role of the government to ensure that moral and ethical standards are maintained in the society so as to assure order and justice. The political system gives government the sole responsibility of ensuring stability, harmony and conformity in the society. It is along this line that the government plays an immense role in guaranteeing ethical and moral values. This role can be performed in many ways. Most commonly the enforcement focuses on the enactment of laws that represent the cultural and ethical values of the people. These laws are enforced so as to ensure conformity. Those who break the law are liable to punishment in accordance to the law. Through exercising the provisions of the law, the government achieves its objective of creating a just and orderly society. However, since ethics and morality are relative terms, not all aspects of ethics and morality can be entrenched into the law. This poses a challenge to the governments role of fulfilling ethical obligations. Therefore, it vital for the government to come up with other means of achieving justice and orderliness through ethics. Through its social obligations the government enforces ethical and moral standards in the society. This can be through its decision making arm and also through the establishment and funding of agencies and organizations that cultivate a culture of ethical values. The government also guarantees ethical values by granting freedom to the people to exercise their spiritual and religious convictions. Moral and ethical as pects have spiritual and cultural connotations, therefore through equality and freedom the government ensures justice in the society. The government plays a central role in ensuring ethics and morality in the society.

How is Seamus Heaneys Irish Rural Heritage Reflected In his Poetry. Es

How is Seamus Heaney's Irish Rural Heritage Reflected In his Poetry. Seamus Heaney was born and grew up in the Irish countryside on his fathers' farm. His father was still using the traditional farming methods, which had been handed down for generations, even though technology had developed greatly in the early twentieth century. Heaney learns a lot from his father about farming and how generations of his family have done it. Heaney takes a great interest in it and he admires his father's skill in working the horses. These memories give Heaney a great deal to write about. The poems that I am going to study are 'Digging', 'Follower', 'At a Potato Digging' and 'Death of a Naturalist'. Heaney's memories and thoughts from childhood are conveyed in these poems. Heaney uses his childhood memories to form the basis of the poems that I am studying. He also refers to the men before him and how they have all dug. In 'Digging' we see how Heaney is using poetic digging to dig through the past, and his memories of seeing his father out of the window, digging. "My father, digging. I look down." Here we see how as Heaney is sitting down to write by his window he is reminded of how he would look out the window and see his father digging the potatoes which had to be collected by the children. He describes the children collecting the potatoes. "Loving their cool hardness in our hands." Heaney is remembering the feeling of the potatoes from when he picked them up for his father. By using the image of digging he can explain how, by looking through his past, he is able to unearth his roots and to discover who he really is. Heaney uses words which reproduce the sounds. This is because he is reliving memories. "... ...ng on his rural background and how he was brought up in the Irish countryside and on a farm. 'Digging' and 'Follower' do show how his background was rural but they are not using that as there main focus point. 'Death of a Naturalist' is about the end of his love for nature and the end of him being a naturalist. Heaney uses lots of nature-related words such as: "Flax-dam." "Sods." The use of these words show how he was brought up in a rural background. This poem is written in quiet a childish way. We can tell this from the language he uses, as the words are descriptive but childish. "Bubbles gargled delicately." The word gargled is a childish word but it is very effective in this poem and really makes the reader hear the sound and see the bubbles 'gargling'. The language in lines 16-19 represent the childish way the teacher spoke to the class.

Existentialism Essays -- Papers Philosophy Essays Papers

Existentialism Existentialism is a philosophical movement that stresses individual existence. Human beings are totally free and responsible for their own acts. Another main idea of existentialism is the limitation of reason and the irreducibility of experience to any system. Man is not a detached observer of the world; rather, he "exists" in a special sense - he is "in the world." Stones, trees, and other objects do not share this existence, and man is open to the world and the objects in it. There is no set limit to how many choices man must make, and no particular set of rules or values one must follow. Rather, there is simply a framework in which action and choice are to be viewed, implying that there are right and wrong ways of choosing, although the individual is still completely free. First, it has been charged with inviting people to remain in a kind of desperate quietism because, since no solutions are possible, existentialists should have to consider action in this world as quite impossible. Existentialists should then end up in a philosophy of contemplation; and since contemplation is a luxury, it must evolve into a bourgeois philosophy. The communists in particular have made these charges. On the other hand, existentialists have been charged with dwelling on human degradation, with pointing up everywhere the sordid, shady, and slimy, and neglecting the gracious and beautiful, the bright side of human nature; for example, with forgetting the smile of the child. Both sides charge them with having ignored human solidarity, with considering man as an isolated being. The communists say that the main reason for this is that existentialists take pure subjectivity, the Cartesian I think, as their starting point; i... ... time, the image is valid for everybody and for our whole age. Thus, our responsibility is much greater than we might have supposed, because it involves all mankind. If I am a workingman and choose to join a Christian trade-union rather than be a communist, and if by being a member I want to show that the best thing for man is resignation, that the kingdom of man is not of this world, I am not only involving my own case-I want to be resigned for everyone. As a result, my action has involved all humanity. To take a more individual matter, if I want to marry, to have children; even if this marriage depends solely on my own circumstances or passion or wish, I am involving all humanity in monogamy and not merely myself. Therefore, I am responsible for myself and for everyone else. I am creating a certain image of man of my own choosing. In choosing myself, I choose man.

Higher Nurse-to-Patient Ratios Improves the Quality of Care Essay

The economic impact on healthcare has taken its toll on the reduced number of registered nurses providing direct bedside care to patients compromising patient safety and dramatically increasing the potential for negative outcomes. Studies reveal that several other factors have also played a key role concerning nursing shortages over the years, such as healthcare organizations downsizing, reduced reimbursements, increased workloads, inadequate staffing plans and job dissatisfaction. Currently, mandated minimum nurse-to-patient staffing ratios have been implemented in several states with many more trying to pass some type of legislation (Chapman et al.331). In other states hospitals opted to form safe staffing committees that include the participation of nurses to assure each unit’s need is met. Regulated safe staffing plans for nurse-to-patient ratios in hospitals and other healthcare facilities have been pivotal in reducing the occurrence of adverse patient outcomes, increasin g nurse retention and providing a safer work environment. Skyrocketing medical costs are some of the challenges faced by hospitals today and among their major expenses are nursing labor costs. The burden of reduced spending and managing costs more efficiently is passed on to the hospital finance leaders with the expectancy of reduced reimbursements under the healthcare reform (Sanford 38). Have these ratios affected the quality of care? Healthcare institutions, especially hospitals, argue that reducing the number of registered nurses and diluting the skill mix would not lower care standards (Hunt 18). The argument amongst all sides regarding the best mix and right numbers and the financial impact of applying such ratios is still being debated today. At t... ...rsingworld.org. American Nurses Association. 22 July 2010: Web. 13 Jan. 2011. Rotenberk, Lori. "Nurse Super-Union Sets Agenda, Aims to Get Staff Ratio Law Passed. " Hospitals & Health Networks 83.12 (Dec. 2009): 12. Nursing & Allied Health Source. Web. 23 Jan. 2011. Sanford, Kathleen D. "Nurse staffing: finding the right number and mix." Healthcare Financial Management 64.9 (2010): 38. Academic One File. Web. 26 Jan. 2011. â€Å"Study Shows Increasing Nursing Staff Would Improve Safety, Quality in Hospitals.† Thrall, Terese Hudson. "Nurse Staffing Laws: Should You Worry? " Hospitals & Health Networks 82.4 (Apr. 2008): 36-39 Nursing & Allied Health Source. Web. 23 Jan. 2011. United States. Dept. of Government Affairs. The Registered Nurse Safe Staffing Act of 2010. Federal Legislation. 2010: H.R. 5527/S 349. American Nurses Association. Web. 13 Jan. 2011

Coffee Shops Essay

Whenever I am in need to study or just want to find a place to hangout, what instantly springs to my mind is a coffee shop. There are many different coffee shops around me, but only one is my absolute favorite. My favorite coffee shop is Beca House. Beca House is a locally owned business and is only about twelve minutes from my house. It is the coziest little nook, where I usually spend my mornings before class eating breakfast and drinking my favorite espresso coffee drink. After all, coffee is the best way to wake up and get the body moving. As I walk into Beca House every morning, the strong bitter aroma of ground coffee beans drift through the air, soaking into my clothes as I make my way to the counter to place my order. The smell was circulating because the coffee bar is located near the left side of the shop. The first attraction for me was the baked goods. They are tidily placed in the transparent glass cabinet, lining up and waiting for me to eat them all. There were all different types of baked goods like muffins, streusels, cheesecakes, cookies, and biscotti’s. Up above near the ceiling of the bar, there were an assortment of coffee beans packed into brown bags. The barista takes my order, large campfire frappe, double espresso. On a cooler day, I order a hot vanilla cappuccino. The delicious smell of coffee generates from the espresso machines. There is also a blackboard on the counter near the menu with a quote written with chalk that will change from day to day. The barista hands me my custom beverage order, and I stroll back to the front of the coffee shop to find a place to get comfortable. All along the walls of the shop are strategically placed vintage paintings and inspirational quotes. Dim lights shine on the spaced out vintage furniture, making for a very soothing and quiet atmosphere. No two pieces of furniture are the same, big couches, small wooden chairs, dark colored pillows, and rustic end tables. I like admiring this type of environment: soothing and calming, yet still inviting. In comparison to most restaurants, coffee shops are by no means a noisy place. The sound of chatters and laughter blends together with the background music playing around the shop, and the volume is set at a medium tone. Coffee shops provide a comfortable, yet sociable gathering spot for people of all ages. I often find peers of my own studying for big tests, writing papers, or maybe just reading a new book and relaxing. The Beca House is my favorite part to my day. I cannot start without it. Even on days that I do not have class, I find myself getting my daily cup of coffee at the crack of dawn, just before work. Stopping at Beca House has become part of my daily routine, and I do not see it being cut out any time soon. I know I go there a lot when the barista’s know my order when I walk through the door. There’s something so perfect about it being just me, my thoughts, and my morning cup of coffee.

Importance of the English Language in Present Day World Essay

Language is the source of communication. Its the way through which we share our ideas and thoughts with others. There are uncountable languages in this world. Because every country has their own national language, then they have different local languages spoken and understood by their people in different regions. Let’s talk about English. It is the language of England and has International Standard. Many people think English as American Language but it is not true. In fact, when Columbus discovered America, he saw the country in the Stone Age with high illiteracy rate. Those were the European and English people who brought education and knowledge even technology towards America. There are several factors that make us to learn English Language to go through in the current time. First of all, as I already mention, it has International Standard, that’s why everyone needs to learn English in order to get in touch on International Level. If we see Educational field, we will find much of the syllabus is written in English. Children are taught and encouraged to learn English on starting levels. And accordingly, as they promote to the next levels they study almost all the subjects in English. We see the Internet and find more than 90% of websites written and created in English. And even when you see some sites in other languages, they also give you the option to translate in English. All the research and studies you find will be written and typed in English. All the information regarding each and everything contains English Language. There is another factor that make English very important in this world is it is the easiest language of the world to learn. Many people think that it is very difficult and confusing. But I suggest them to start and learn only for a week and they will feel easy with English. With good understanding and communication in English, we can travel around the globe. We get assistance and help in English in every part of world. You can test it by on line travel. Better you visit some offices, companies, governmental organizations, and other departments, and you will see the importance of English as they hire the professional staff after getting know that whether the people they are hiring are good at English or not. This is the company’s will that their staff is not even well educated but also good English speaker, writer and Reader. Those who are still unaware about the importance of English. They should start learning English as a time will come when everything would be understood, spoken and written in English. Better watch some media and get the scope of English.

Hinduism & Buddhism

Hinduism * A combination of a member of religious traditions in India * A polytheistic religion (More than one god) * God is Brahman – Creator and creation, made manifest in 3 persons: 1. Brahma – Creator 2. Vishnu – Preserver 3. Shiva – Destroyer * According to Hinduism, our true self is Brahman * The human soul is Atman * Basic Hindu phrase is â€Å"Atman is Brahman† or â€Å"Tat Tatum asi†, meaning â€Å"That Thou Art! † * Goal of Hindu life: 1. Become perfected to the extent that the soul merges with the soul of god 2. No need to be born again in another human body Hindus believe that the human soul journeys through one life and then dies and is born again into a new body through â€Å"reincarnation† or â€Å"transmigration† * Samsara: Cycle of Rebirth * Dharma: Ethical duties of a person * Karma: Law of receiving what one deserves * Hindus believe that the soul is reborn into a higher stage of existence if the person has lived a good life * Moksha: The liberation from the Hindus endless cycles of rebirth * The path to Moksha which most followed is devotion * Hindus believe in the Caste System.Social Groups in to which Hindus are born * 4 Main Castes: 1. Sedras – Laborers 2. Valeyas – Producers 3. Kshatrlyas – Administrators 4. Brahmias – Seers * 4 Stages of Hindu Life: 1. Student – (Brahmancarin) 2. Householder -(Grihartha) 3. Retirement – Working out the philosophy of life (Vanapratha) 4. Wonderer – Free from all attachments of life (Sannyasin) * Sannyasin: The Stage of Life where one renounces family, name and any memories of the past * 4 Wants of Hinduism: 1. Pleasure 2. Success 3. Duty 4. Liberation Classic Period of Hinduism: Era when Hinduism becomes distinguished as a religion * In regards to other religions, Hinduism is tolerant * Both Buddhism and Jainism grew out of Hinduism and were founded as reactions to Hinduism * Jainism and Buddhi sm advocate non-violence * Sikhism was founded by Guru Nank and has its roots in Hinduism. It's a symbol of Hinduism and Islam * One of the most popular aspects of Hinduism is â€Å"Yoga† * Yoga = Discipline – helps a Hindu rise above his self limitation * Bhagavad-Gita is an example of Hindu sacred literatureBuddhism * Siddhartha Gautama * Raised a Hindu in â€Å"warrior† caste * Became Buddha (Enlightened One) * Attained enlightenment when he realized the importance of understanding suffering as articulated in the â€Å"4 Noble Truths† * His Philosophy: * Doctrine of â€Å"middle way† * Middle Way: Living Half way between luxury and poverty (different than rich & poor) * Buddhism spread into the Far East – Broke into Sects. * Main Types of Buddhism: 1. Theravada – School of Elders * Stressing Individual Salvation * Holding Traditional Thoughts South East Asian, Buma, Cevalon and Malano 2. Mahayana – Great Vehicle – * S tressing Social Salvation * Having a number of sects and diverse thoughts (Zen Buddhism) 3. Vajrayana – Diamond Vehicle * Through growing out of Hinduism, Buddhism has lost influence as a religion in India * 4 Noble truths: 1. In Life, Suffering Abounds 2. Suffering is Caused by Desire – The Ego 3. Cure lies in overcoming selfish craving 4. Cure can be accomplished by following the â€Å"Eightfold Path† * Eightfold Path: . Right Understanding – Awareness of what is suffering (4 Noble Truths) 2. Right Thought – Purifying the Mind3. Right Speech – Speak Truthfully 4. Right Conduct – Don't Lie, Kill, Commit Adultery, Consume intoxications 5. Right Livelihood – Actions used to earn a living, not to harm others 6. Right Effort -Be diligent and cultivating good thoughts 7. Right Mindfulness -Knowing oneself 8. Right Concentration -Help see things as they really are * Since Buddhism outgrew Hinduism Kept Assumption that humans are reb orn into new bodies * God of life is the absorption of the self into the infinite * Nirvana (Meditation): Such absorption in Buddhism * Unlike Hindus, Buddhism ignores the caste systems and Hindu Rituals * Meditation is vital to all branches of Buddhism * Tripitaka: Sacred literature in Buddhism (Three Baskets) * Written from oral traditions about 150 years after Buddha lived * Like Hindus, most Buddhist festivals are local or religious events * Funeral rituals are important to Buddhists Strong interest in after life * 3 Jewels – Considered to be the core of Buddhism 1. Sangha – Community of Buddhists, monks, nuns and lay people 2. Buddha – Name for those enlightened according to Buddhist faith Buddha with â€Å"B† refers to Siddhartha Gautama3. Dharma – Buddha's Teachings * Symbols of Buddhism 1. Wheel of Law – 8 Spokes represent Eightfold Path 2. Bodhi Tree – Place of Enlightenment 3. Stupas/Pagooas – A dome/shaped monument u sed to house Buddhist relics (Pagodas are Larger stupas)

Feng Shui essays

Feng Shui essays Feng Shui (pronounced phung schway) means wind water. It is the Chinese Art of Placement, which brings balance to the energy in an environment (also known as chi). Fung Shui is an ancient science which goes back at least 3 500 years. Feng Shui is based on the Taoist viewpoint of nature: including the Yin-Yang Theory and the Five Element Theory. Everything is made of chi or energy, which is organized into five elements: fire, water, metal, wind and earth. These elements are an important part in the Fung Shui way. Do not think of the five elements as still physical elements but energies. In Feng Shui the elements go a little beyond their importance, as we know it, for example fire is not just for warmth and light however in Feng Shui fire is the only element that has to be created. Fire burns and destroys many things and is also strong enough to destroy metal, which is another element. The nature of the fire element is always powerful. The Chinese people like energizing fire because it is full of the precious Yang essence, which brings good fortun e. In Fung Shui, the element of fire is placed in the south corner of a room or house to bring in great success, fame and recognition. For the element of fire you can use a bright lamp, fireplace, candles etc. The element of water is also quite similar to the element of fire because it too is extremely forceful. In Feng Shui water is to be place in the north part of a room to activate the energy, which, is to bring harmony and luck. For this element you can use objects such as an aquarium, fountains, or even the colours of water to place in the north section. The element, which differs the most, is the element of wood. Wood is the only element which has a life of its own. Wood symbolizes expansion, symbolized by the happiness of springtime when plants grow. This element can be placed in all corners of a room because it symbolizes growth. To represent the elem ...

Deregulating Telecommunications

Deregulating Telecommunications Until the 1980s in the United States, the term telephone company was synonymous with American Telephone Telegraph. ATT controlled nearly all aspects of the telephone business. Its regional subsidiaries, known as Baby Bells, were regulated monopolies, holding exclusive rights to operate in specific areas. The Federal Communications Commission regulated rates on long-distance calls between states, while state regulators had to approve rates for local and in-state long-distance calls. Government regulation was justified on the theory that telephone companies, like electric utilities, were natural monopolies. Competition, which was assumed to require stringing multiple wires across the countryside, was seen as wasteful and inefficient. That thinking changed beginning around the 1970s, as sweeping technological developments promised rapid advances in telecommunications. Independent companies asserted that they could, indeed, compete with ATT. But they said the telephone monopoly effectively shut them out by refusing to allow them to interconnect with its massive network. The First Stage of Deregulation Telecommunications deregulation came in two sweeping stages. In 1984, a court effectively ended ATTs telephone monopoly, forcing the giant to spin off its regional subsidiaries. ATT continued to hold a substantial share of the long-distance telephone business, but vigorous competitors such as MCI Communications and Sprint Communications won some of the business, showing in the process that competition could bring lower prices and improved service. A decade later, pressure grew to break up the Baby Bells monopoly over local telephone service. New technologies- including cable television, cellular (or wireless) service, the Internet, and possibly others- offered alternatives to local telephone companies. But economists said the enormous power of the regional monopolies inhibited the development of these alternatives. In particular, they said, competitors would have no chance of surviving unless they could connect, at least temporarily, to the established companies networks- something the Baby Bells resisted in numerous ways. Telecommunications Act of 1996 In 1996, Congress responded by passing the Telecommunications Act of 1996. The law allowed long-distance telephone companies such as ATT, as well as cable television and other start-up companies, to begin entering the local telephone business. It said the regional monopolies had to allow new competitors to link with their networks. To encourage the regional firms to welcome competition, the law said they could enter the long-distance business once the new competition was established in their domains. At the end of the 1990s, it was still too early to assess the impact of the new law. There were some positive signs. Numerous smaller companies had begun offering local telephone service, especially in urban areas where they could reach large numbers of customers at low cost. The number of cellular telephone subscribers soared. Countless Internet service providers sprung up to link households to the Internet. But there also were developments that Congress had not anticipated or intended. A great number of telephone companies merged, and the Baby Bells mounted numerous barriers to thwart competition. The regional firms, accordingly, were slow to expand into long-distance service. Meanwhile, for some consumers- especially residential telephone users and people in rural areas whose service previously had been subsidized by business and urban customers- deregulation was bringing higher, not lower, prices. This article is adapted from the book Outline of the U.S. Economy by Conte and Carr and has been adapted with permission from the U.S. Department of State.

Case Study On Tesco Plc

Case Study On Tesco Plc Free Online Research Papers Tesco is one of the Leading food retailers in Ireland and United Kingdom. Tesco’s annual sales are moving through $5 billion and Tesco’s online grocery stores Tesco.com is one of the leading consumer service in online internationally with not less than 1 million customers and with 240,000 orders completed a week. Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen in 1919 located at East London. Company’s management was moving forward by the two key people, they are Sir Terry Leahy – Chief Executive and David Reid – Chairman. Tesco’s plc has an ultimate product ranges few are Groceries, Telecoms, Financial services and Consumer goods. The total Revenue of the company is up to 2009 is  £ 54.3 billion and the Operating income was  £ 3,128 million up to 2009. Tesco’s net income is  £ 3,090 million up to 2009. Over all the has a approximate + 440,000 employees world wide and nearly 2300 stores up to the financial year of 2009. Tesco has some subsidiaries like Tesco Ireland limited, Tesco Stores limited and Tesco Personal finance are the main business lines. 2. Background of Tesco: Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen in 1919, at that time he is going to sell groceries in East end of London from a stall. The first brand of Tesco was entered in market on 1924. Jack Cohen bought whole goods of Tea in the long years from T.E Stockwell. Then he made of new labels to the company using the three first labels of suppliers’ name as TES. The CO was formed by the first two letters. Because of that the name was formed as â€Å"TESCO†. In Burnt Oak, Edgware, Middlesex the first Store of Tesco was opened in 1929. The stock exchange entrance was held as Tesco stores limited in 1947 at London Stock Exchange. In 1951, the first self service store was opened which is formally known as Metro and in 1956, the first supermarket was launched. During the years Tesco was expanded their business throughout overseas. 3. History and Growth Chart of Tesco: Business Growth Year Jack Cohen founded Tesco 1919 (East end of London First day sale $8 and Profit $2) Owned nearly 800 Companies 1950-1960 Purchased Williamsons Stores (70) 1957 Purchased Harrow Stores outlets (200) 1959 Purchased Irwins stores (212) 1960 Purchased Charles Phillips stores (97) 1964 Purchased Victor value chain 1968 Annual market sales reached  £1 billion 1979 Annual market sales exceed  £2 billion 1982 Sold Victor value chain to Bejam 1986 Achieve the number one position in food retailing 1995 Launched Tesco.com 2000 Deal with Safeway 2001 Launched clothing â€Å"Cherokee† 2002 First major music download market (Tesco.com) 2004 Announces profits (annual)  £1 billion 2005 Enter into non food retailing 2005 Tied up with Royal bank of Scotland 2008 Tesco’s net income  £3,090 million 2009 5. Strategic Decision or an Optimistic one? : Tesco is a leading retailer in UK as well as Overseas. The Decision of the Tesco is depends upon the UK Economy, Market Position of RBS and Financial Crisis of 2008/09. These are he leading points of the company’s Decision. It is really a strategic decision why so it is the right planning to get growth in the business lines. The way of operating business can get the good results in financial phases. Tesco’s Strategic Decision in Finance: Tesco has taken a very good Decision why because, When ever the financial crisis is running, then the market values will be in down and it is the right time to get into the business line and later on we can grow our business through success path in future. Tesco is pushing into the move of consumer banking as a fully launched bank. Because of the competition from the street banks, Tesco was planned to launch the basic bank accounts to the customers for the better way of service and tied up with Royal Bank of Scotland. Tesco has the capability to maintain the insurance, car loans as the financial business lines in their own stores. This is the better way to service their customers towards the banking needs and save time as well. Tesco has planned to get the authorization from the financial services Authority. Tesco is challenging the street banks and the Insurance companies with their strategic decision and services offered by the company. The main thing is that, Tes co will maintain the true potential from the retailing services offered. Tesco was expertise that it can get  £500 million profit through the deal and it is approves by FSA. By this, it is a right decision to give customers consumer bank accounts. It will help the customers in a mean time. This will improve the business and it can make things easy and the profits will rise in growth. Due to these issues, Tesco is planned well and it is the strategic decision to move into the financial market. Tesco Finance Facts: Total Customers – 5.5 millions Bank Credit card accounts – 1.3 million Bank Savings Accounts- 3, 90,000 Credit card market share – 6.9 percent Number of ATM s in Tesco Stores – 2700 Percentage of Car Insurance market – 4.3 UK Economy: Europe’s largest financial center is London and one of the third biggest financial centers alongside Tokyo and New York. UK economy is based on the economies of Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales and England. After Germany and France, UK is the 6th largest economy in the world and the 3rd biggest in Europe. The UK dominated the trade internationally in 19th century. After the two world wars, Industry of the UK was declined and going Down in the base of business market issues. It posses every thing up to the 20th century as per the issues faced in the two world wars. In the national output, the only one 6th of the economy is a significant one in Manufacturing from UK. Market Position of RBS: In the British lands, the RBS (Royal bank of Scotland) is the major part in Insurance and banking. RBS was founded in the year 1727. Its head quarters are at Scotland, Edinburgh and United Kingdom. The Key people are Stephen Hester as CEO and Philip Hampton as Chairman. The revenue is  £49522 million as on 2008. The net income of the RBS was  £24137 million as on 2008 and finally the operating income was  £40,667 as on 2008. It is purely a financial based company which is going to serve in the area of financial services. From these information , RBS has a good market position and it can handle any financial crisis and the main thing is that the move in the financial services has to be good at strategies. Financial Crisis 2008-09: In the financial year of 2008-09, through out the world is in financial crisis and the most probable thing is 2008 April 22nd, RBS announced a right issue to raise the  £12billion in new capital of the purchase of ABN Amro. The bank has also announced that it has a great thing in the issues like divert the subsidiaries to raise further funds like insurance divisions. In this situation, the tie up with the RBS is the great thing to Tesco. It is a strategic decision of Tesco. 5. Strategic Approach of Tesco: Tesco is the biggest ultimate food retailing company in the world with nearly 2300 stores across world wide. Tesco operates the consumer banking facility to their customers and it operates on the non food sector. Tesco changed its strategy to change positions in 2008 for the corporate responsibility. Tesco has a build the three stair strategy for addressing the climate change in the company. The first objective is to reduce the GHG emissions from the operations of the own company. It has defined some legal plans for its carbon footprint. It is now reducing the reduction the plans and to committed transparent to achieve the specific goals. Tesco has a second objective that invest in a technology based era and set the work done with others and getting the profits. It is a better solution for the law carbon solutions. By this we can get the appropriate results with in a mean time. The third objective is to avail customers with the low carbon choices and the company y is ready for this type of the emissions. In this way the retailing companies can get the god result oriented business in international market. As per the Tesco retiling, the growth in the business is classified through five segments which described below. 1. Mainstay Growth in core UK: Tesco is one of the well established companies worldwide with profitable non food retailing in UK. It is bounded with the precious values of customers. Tesco has a significant growth in the core UK business with the employees of 280,000 and the stores of 21, 00. The group sales itself in growth coming from UK is 75 percent. A part from the food retailing, Tesco was started the non food retailing with the multi formats and it will help for the growth in the UK core business for Tesco and it is a very good change to improve the business needs of the company. It is one way to contribute the business needs to the United Kingdom. Tesco is providing the consumer needs in four ways of stores like Metro, Extra, Express, Homeplus and Superstore. By these stores Tesco is giving a successful business in UK and it’s a opportunity to increase sales better. 2. Convergent Business values: Convergent business values are the one way of approach to the community needs and it is an opportunity for the business growth. From this, Tesco is providing the more sufficient and suitable jobs and opportunities for those who are not in the community approach. It is one time profitability to the customers but Tesco is going to offer a life time loyalty to the customers in a better and significant way for the purpose of online community approach needs. It is going to be created a good will in the customers towards the company as well as the services offered by the company. Through the innovation and growth Tesco can do the better evolution in the market as well as in the company side too. Tesco is responsible to do the products in a healthy and a responsible way. 3. To be strong in non food: Tesco Is going to offer the different range of non food through the homeplus and extra stores. Tesco is providing the better non food through the stores for the needs of the customers in a better and flexible way. Tesco was started the Tesco Direct in 2006 for the better serving to the customer needs with 11,000 products and there are going to provide the delivery facility also. By providing this, customers are getting the better quality non food for the better prices including household things. Tesco is getting into the customers with a wide range of the clothing in the affordable way of service. It has the 27 centers to distribution and the 7 which they handle the non food and clothing ranges. Now there is a team for Tesco to operate the non food products internationally. By this way they are providing services to their customers in a better and a quality way. 4. Follow customers into new retailing services: Tesco is the one of the most powerful company in the non food retailing like personal finance. It was started the joint venture with the royal bank of Scotland. In the eve of that is has celebrated his 10th anniversary. Tesco is providing insurance and credit cards to their customers with affordable 26b new range products. According to the business news, they already announced as, they are getting the 50 % share holding in the Tesco personal finance with the agreement of RBS. By this Tesco is going to offer their customers to provide the better consumer needs. Tesco.com is the new way of providing service in online goods since 2000. Now the customers are buy online with the Tesco are one million. They are offered the better services like bag less. This year, Tesco is going to planned for better service in Ireland and south Korea. In mean while Tesco is providing mobile services like Tesco mobile from 2003 with a joint venture providing with O2. Now days it is the number o ne mobile network in UK customer service from 2008. 5) Overseas business growth: Overseas business growth is the main issue in the current financial era. It has the 30 percent of the stores in the outside of the United Kingdom and it is planning to make a better solution for the Tesco financial market. It is planning to make that 30 percent in the increased level of 45 percent by next year. It is a one type of expansion of central Europe and Asia. In this, Tesco was entered in the market in mid 90’s and now days it is going to operate the 12 markets outside the UK. It is a tremendous business plans for the growth of the company and to the share holders. It has 20 m customers and in overseas where they are getting totally  £700 m profit. In overseas markets in the every businesses has to be unique why so, by that way only we can invest in multi formats and get the good results by the financial year. It has a well established company and has a flexi brands to provide better service to the customers TASK -2 1. Tesco Capabilities and Resources to be Successful: Tesco Plc is one of the major food and non food retailing company in the world. Primarily it operates from the UK. Tesco operates nearly 2300 stores internationally, as per the Tesco the main major business growth is going on in rest of the UK. The business growth is well established in the rest of Europe and Asia continents. Tesco is providing the customers the great shopping facility through online and it is the most effective way to produce the internal and external process of online shopping. Tesco is operating through the multiple format stores like Express, Metro, Extra and Superstore. Tesco has an agreement with Royal bank of Scotland to expand the business in the financial market. Actually in the mean time of the financial crisis, the share values will be down and this is the right time to enter into the financial business and generate the good results with an appropriate strategies. 2. Tesco Financial Market Consumer Banking Competency: Tesco has a capability in the financial market to move forward with the continuous growth and the profitability. In the global market it has a million dollar position and now it can take a change to grown in the business of financial market. It is already combined with the RBS while getting the 50 percentage of share holding to improve the facilities to the customers towards the consumer banking. Consumer banking is one f the good idea to provide customers the flexi way of maintain the bank accounts. It is the most supervision pat of the Tesco. Tesco has a personal finance to meet the criteria of the financial market. Tesco is going to enable the various global retailing businesses towards the financial markets. In the process of the mean things, the global market is in down because of the financial crisis 2008-09. In the mean while it is an open offer to take the share holding in the RBS will give a good change to grow the business in the banking and financial sector also. With the motivation of the non food retailing, Tesco entered into the financial market with the successful efforts. Now the consumer banking is one of the major facilities, what the customer needs in every day of life. Tesco is going to provide the customers the loyalty to the lifetime. In the needs of the enthusiastic efforts of the Tesco in the financial market, it’s a good change to grow the business in overseas. 3. Tesco Profitable returns review: Tesco is a well branded company and it sells many products clothing, books, consumer goods and the only weaknesses are insurance and furniture. The competitor’s are focused in the specialized themes of the banking and insurance sectors due the growth in the financial market, but Tesco is not concentrating that much in the long back in that sectors. Now it has done with an agreement of RBS and now it is putting efforts in the financial market. There is so many challenges Tesco faced in the past years. Now it has a chance to grow the business towards the insurance and the financial sector in the global consumer banking facility. It has the most committed and the loyal staff to work under pressure and to bind with the company values. 4. Getting into Consumer Banking: Internationally there is financial crisis in the present market. It is the most advantage stage to get into the new business sector with enthusiastic strategies will get the ultimate profit in the financial field. Tesco is tied up with the RBS and the RBS is going to provide the card access and saving accounts services and Tesco is going to be operated the insurance, car loans etc consumer needs. Business growth is the main theme in the financial sector, where we can get more profitable returns through needful strategies. Due to consumer banking, in he present financial market the returns will get less and the product ability will increase in hike. Once get into the Consumer banking, the things will definitely change due to the services offering to customer as per their needs and loyalty. This is the right time to move into financial banking sector in UK to get profitable returns as well as company growth. 5. Tesco SWOT Analysis: What is SWOT? : SWOT is nothing but the Technical term which we will use frequently in the Marketing sector. SWOT is known as Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunity and Threats. Why SWOT? : SWOT will describe the current market position of the company and the capabilities of the company. When SWOT? Whenever you want to know about the present company position, market values, capabilities to expansion then we will make an analysis review through SWOT. It is called as SWOT analysis. Based on the review we can able to take the appropriate action towards the company growth and expansion of the business. Organization Background: Tesco plc is the world’s biggest retailing company. Its major primary business of food retailing is operates from UK. Tesco operates nearly 2300 superstores, convenience and supermarkets in the UK and the rest of Asia and Europe. Tesco offers financial products like banking services and insurance, as well as telecommunication products and electrical appliances products. i) Strengths: Growth in market share: Tesco holds the 13 percent overall market shares in the UK retailing market. The growth in the share market comes with the multi formats in the food retailing. Tesco has sufficient funds and has a capability to run the business in multi formats. These will get the profits and increasing the market share and by that including space availability and contribution, hypermarkets have a possibility to move forward in higher shares in the non food retailing. There is no sign of reduction in the growth of Tesco’s general retailing and ROI. In The late 2002 of Tesco’s investment through affordable efforts in west mild lands based store market group T and S was billed as the most antagonistic move into the neighborhood business market by a name of big retailer so far. This deal makes Tesco as the biggest convenience store in UK ranked as second after the co operative business group and it is going to open nearly 59 new stores in UK this year. Tesco’s non food retailing division has grown in the extent where the total 23 percent in its group incomes. Tesco’s overseas business in a hike position and it is growing in a periodical manner and it can get up with the group profits over next five years. If international market was good then it is a way to assume the result of continuous growth in Tesco’s provincial strength. Financial Insurance Sector: In motor insurance of public revenue 2003, Tesco has reached one million policies. That makes Tesco as the fastest well provider of motor insurance growing company ever. Tesco offered to the Clubcard holders to get the holiday insurance at checkouts through instant travel insurance. Over 330,000 dogs and cats get covered by pet insurance. Last year Tesco has reached the milestones of life insurance. Tesco get the most spirited life insurance provider in the Moneyfacts awards of 2003. Tesco’s online market: Tesco was started Tesco.com as the biggest online supermarket. This year the sales are grown up and this year it made sales of  £577 m with the profitable increase in sales of 29 percent compared to last year. Tesco online stores are now operating in country with nearly 270 stores where it is covered 96 percent of United Kingdom. By this unbelievable one million customers using consumer goods facility through online, there is a chance to improve the business stream and it has a strong platform to develop further in future. Company Brand Value: During the last financial year, Tesco profit is get increased 78 percent on operations at Asia, Europe and Ireland. Company has maintaining the quality and the customer worthy, healthy goods represent ultimate value. It has a good and well effort for the company growth and to move forward in the insurance and finance sector. Toughened UK market leadership : Since getting into the number one position in 1996, Tesco has launched a great strategy towards multi format values. Tesco’s United Kingdom sales are 71 percent larger than Sainsbury because of multi format. As per the Competition commission’s report, it is very difficult to Wal-Marts to get into the chance of UK leadership. This tells us that in domestic market Tesco is in an extremely strong position. ii) Weaknesses: Confidence upon the UK market: Currently International market is growing now, in this situation there is so many expectations over Tesco in coming five years. Tesco was depend upon the UK market where as they have 78.3 % of 2003 revenues. While in case of this situations this is not a major weakness of short term, for example like the Morrison’s group is going to purchase the Safeway chain. There is a possibility to balance the market share of UK and supermarket power. Debt diminution: Until the year of 2006 Tesco was not reduced its debit. Tesco has the ability to invest in the huge amount of capital in various business sectors. If the expansion of the business was running well then there will be some free cash for any other purposes. Due to this Tesco can invest the money and it has a capable to run business in various business lines. Operations: With the strategic approach, Tesco has a massive ability to expansion of the business. It has an active project value of  £23 billion. Its huge product range is an added advantage, Especially in United Kingdom. While the company strategy is in the form of fill the gap, this is quiet danger in sometimes to become a serial business successor. The most common thing is that, if the product ranges are huge then sometimes the quality and the earnings visibility will reduce. iii) Opportunities: Non food retailing market: In UK, Tesco is going to format the hypermarket with their increased sales by shares of 3 percent in the coming few years. It is going to use the structure for the market strategies and the merchandising techniques to the growth of the company. It will help to the growth of the company in overseas business line. Tesco is estimated that their non food sales will grow by double in coming four years. Now internationally it has a sale of  £7 billion and another is 23 percent totals. The main aim of the Tesco is to grow the business line in the form of non food retailing. It’s not like that things to say as consultancy speak to become a successful in the coming years. Already they planned to grow the business with the opened space of UK market for only non food retailing and now planning to increase the non food share from 5 percent to 6 percent, Overall market share should be increased by 100 basis points to 12.8 percent. To develop the business line in telecom sector is the biggest retailing service project of Tesco. The same thing happened in banking that repeating the strategic approach and values the brands. Beauty and Heath : In UK, Tesco’s beauty and health ranges are growing hike, and it is the biggest retailer in skincare. It has the market leading position in healthcare and the toiletries. It is also number one retailer in the market goods of baby goods. Tesco was invested the whole amount of  £27 million on beauty and healthcare alone. Now Tesco has 200 stores with the pharmacies and 19 stores with the opticians. Future Overseas Growth: In addition United Kingdom, Tesco was running operations in 6 countries in Europe. Those are Slovakia, Czech Republic, Turkey, Poland, Hungary, Ireland and Asia too. Asian countries are Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea, Taiwan and Japan. Its overseas sales were  £700 million 7 years before. Now it’s nearly ten times bigger and with profit of  £306 million and at most  £7 billion over all market. Tesco had a serious planning to grow the market with high range hypermarkets. Tesco is now using the space to spread over the business with the new strategies. Tesco has entered in the market of US with a strategic decision, for home shopping model the Safeway is to take the Tesco in US market. Tesco’s Telecom sector is the main thing to get the growth in business line with in a short period of time. It will surely develop the proper retailing services. iv) Threats: Structural Changes in UK would flicker a price war : The Followers in price were become aggressive in the UK market, Because of the Ownership of Safeway and new management of Sainsbury. Safeway prices are up by 6 percent while reducing by Morrison. Sainsbury is to reduce the lower prices and to recover in the market. With both Tesco and ASDA committed in leadership of prices that is what now a position to step down in market of profitability. Returns from Overseas could fall : The Case of Tesco is to growth in the overseas driving higher returns in group and the countries are moving in the critical positions. This will be the cause that competitors’ action, economic conditions or the Tesco’s business strategies failed. There is another consequence is that enter into the biggest market such as Japan and china. ASDA and WAL-MART Challenge: Since from long years in the shopping business line in US, Wal Mart was Purchased ASDA. Tesco is in danger to that position of market in US. In range of goods ad prices ASDA is in a very well position. ASDA is the well known biggest supermarket in UK after the TESCO and Sainsbury. However ASDA leads the gap of Sainsbury in the year 2003 with a better strategy. ASDA supposed to give a special offers to the customers that it would be the great thing in the retailing business line ever seen. Wall Mart is also planning to buy the major part of the business line in UK with the well known brands and it has that buying capacity. Overseas Expansion of Business: It is a very expensive thing in Business of Expansion through overseas. Large investment and marketing was required to enter into the market with a new brand name. Now the land prices are low and this is the right time to move into the distribution and operations which increases Tesco’s debit before it comes to decline. Korea is giving a good support in Tesco’s business to growth in international profit. In 2003/04 the growth of Tesco is one-third in Korea. Consumer spending in Korea is very low and its time to back on by the large investments and it will be high risk. TASK 3 1. Tesco’s Resources and Planning in UK: Presence in UK: Tesco is one of the top retailers in UK as well as overseas market. Tesco has started their operations in the mid 1920’s and they invest in different markets in different sectors. Tesco has approximately 2600 stores world wide. There are more than 4, 50,000 employees in the business units of Tesco world wide. They are in telecommunications, logistics, financial services, converting retailing and distribution. The most forward thing in Tesco is the affective product delivery. In this mainly food retailing is the basic and strong phase in Tesco business unit. It has a long term goals, like to be good in the core business of UK with the ultimate top level, spread over the business throughout the World as International brand, become strong in non food retailing as well as in food retailing, in the choice of customer demand has to be provide the new retailing services world wide. Business Growth in UK: Tesco is an international brand which is making business with good progress in UK. As per the market issues Tesco has a sales growing like 7.6% hike and the sales increased in the quarter is 4.8%. In the UK market Tesco has a strong business directs like petrol which is contributed by 3.0%, Tesco direct and the Tesco dot com are one of the strong business sales in the current market. Tesco is offering the new products as per the discount sales and they want customers spend less amount by reducing prices and make more affordable products available, new discounter products and related sales required. These lunches represents the biggest changes in the business since the value lines presented in 1993. By giving customers more profitable choices, they think to deflate the sales by 2 and 3 percentage points in this quarter. As per the result, over 300,000 more customers enjoying the great shopping every week and they got the more affordable sales volumes. Even in the dif ficult times also the normal merchandise retains to a strong appeal to the people. This performance was very better than the whole non food market. Utilizing Resources: Tesco is an international brand. Tesco has so many products like food, consumer goods, and non food products. Tesco is presence in UK from long years. It has a competitive strategy and the good analysis over the international market. Probably for any organization we have some needs; those are human skills, inventory, financial resources, production resources and technological resources. In the process of the allocating resources, the technique and the project management are the major part. Financial Earnings Estimation: In the Financial earnings, the numbers of analysts are 3 in the Feb 09, and the average estimation is $120. The low estimate was $1.16 in feb09. By this they are supposed to that the growth rate will be 4.17 % by next year Feb 10. According to the present market situation, the low estimation will be $ 1.22 in Feb 10.Regrding this, the company is getting more profitable growth and the good earnings in the present market. In the non food market also, Tesco is going to be lead in the next coming years. Due to the financial crisis, Industrial Business Relations: Tesco is getting 80% of the profit from the UK business through the unpredictable common Industrial Business Relations. Tesco is well-established company, which supports the United Nations universal declaration of human rights, and the core conventions of international labor organizations. The chief executive of the each national subsidiary is agreed to the transposed human right’s policy. Tesco is paying the fair amount in the matter of wages and the policies to the employees across world wide. They are paying with out reflections of the market position. Employees are not going to work extra hours why so they need the health and safety training towards their lives. They like employees to join in a trade union then only they can be united each other. Tesco is the biggest venture of members in the union of any company. It gains the sufficient growth by maintaining the business relations in the profitable manner. 2. Competitive Strategies of Tesco: Challenges: The main aim of the Tesco is to expansion of the business as per the needs of the customer services. In the growth of Tesco, it has a 27 percent of market share where the competitors are always behind one step. In the online market, there are huge grocery stores available and there is a need to expansion the market products in the other ways also. Here there is an opportunity to expand the business through online availability to the customers. The main theme of Tesco is that, if there is any market share left then they thought that there will be potential ability to expansion and growth of the business. The most challenging thing is to succeed in the business of furniture .why because they already failed in that causes of handling and shipping charges. In the mean while, to achieve the challenges there is a need to approach in a systematic manner. There is a few methodologies to achieve the challenges describe below. Changes in the Technological drives: In the present online market, the UK is internet diffusion as of the year 2007 is almost 64 percent and the Ireland one is almost 51 percent. These results make a clear idea and the growth of the new online shopping business ventures. In the mean while, Tesco was started the Tesco.com to get the possible market shares online and now it is in a good position to achieve the market figures and the competitors are in step behind. Convince the customer is not a good issue with the quality products and it is a preplanned venture and we are proud to offer good products in the needs of the customers. This strategy is not a fear-provoking thought to take risk to sell non-food items like furniture. Creating Business Values: The most affordable effort of Tesco is to enter into the online shopping why because, it will save money, cost and traveling expenses. The good thing is the convenience to people to buy the products online. It can increase the market efficiency and reduce the labor costs and transaction costs. Familiarly known Tesco brands get low cost in the internet and there also a trendy that internet can reduces the costs and customers get the products with low prices. Capturing Business Values: The most important thing in the Tesco’s Business is the DSIR. The strategy is the winner can takes all approach the new heights in business. In the UK business market, Tesco is now the number one in online and offline market. Tesco is also capturing the business values by membership cards and loyalty programs and special offers in Tesco web sites. By the performance of Tesco, all known the products online and it is a possible way to get the value through market pricing. Business Policy and Approach: The new initiative was launched by the Tesco.com was Tesco Direct. The new initiative brings non food items with a high reputation like bikes, cameras, electronics, Kitchenware , sofas and beds available through online for millions of online users. There are more than 8000 products in online for customers. They can purchase the online products through online by easy ways like phone banking or directly at the stores. Customers have a choice to deliver the products to home or to be picked from selected stores located in local. Supply chain System: Tesco will not change in the system of the supply chain because of its strategy and expansion. It has already a online line for the food retail, now is not that much easy to get into the non food retailing. If Customers needs the products, it can be supplied through online but it is the most expensive way of dealing things online. Overseas Business Growth Strategies: The main business thing is the flexibility. In any country, each market should be unique and they require different business approaches. Tesco entered in the Japanese market as the discount operator of supermarket. Because of that they can get the supply chain business in the coming future in a huge amount of business. The Secondary thing is the local values; the customers need the packages and the selling goods in a particular local manner and through the piles of produce to what they want. They are getting reached in the customer’s expectations through online business ventures like Tesco direct. Multi Formats are the new possible ventures in the online market; a whole thing is to spread your market everywhere in the world. Developing the capabilities is not a easy thing, why so for that we need to be good at the quality assurance and the right way of producing goods in a predictable manner to customers. Brands are the new segments in the present markets. The main brands aim of the Tesco is to enable the customers to get what they want. Tesco is a well maintained relationship with the customers. The first brand in China is the Tesco Legou, which is opened in Feb 2007 and now they are going to re branding the whole stores. The most affordable things done by the Tesco is to market every possible product through online. Effective way of selling products is the main cause of increasing profits in the business. Getting the huge amount of reputation will depends on the quality assurance. The main theme of the Tesco is the Customer satisfaction while purchasing the online products like food and non food. 3. Competitors and Market Position of Tesco: Competitors of Tesco: 1. ASDA 2. Sainsbury 3. Morrisons The Main competitors of the Tesco are Asda and Sainsbury. These are the main competitors in business strategies and the value markets. Before going to know about the competitors, we have to know the market shares of the companies in UK. According to that, we can able to come under estimation and also the product values intended by the companies. Supermarket Consumer Spend ( £000s) Market Share August 2008 +/- from July 2008 Tesco 6,351,531 31.6% ? 0.3% Asda 3,410,431 17.0% ? 0.1% Sainsburys 3,175,543 15.9% ? 0.1% Morrisons 2,233,137 11.1% ? 0.2% : Market Position of Tesco : 1. ASDA: ASDA is a group of companies and it is owned by the US Corporation Wal Mart Since 1999, the main competitor of the Tesco is ASDA Group why so, they have that enthusiastic potential to get the job done. It is the world’s biggest food chain market 8 times bigger than Tesco. The best selling brand of ASDA’s George was range of clothing. They are now putting pressure to move into the Matalan, the discount giant clothing and home furnishing market stores. 2. Sainsbury: Sainsbury is then biggest grocer unit in UK until the year 1995, but recently it is stepped out to the third position. The company struggled to get back on line. Despite of the things, the company couldn’t get back to the second position. The latest results shows that compared to Sainsbury share at 16.22 percent the ASDA’s share is at 16.6 % by the Taylor Nelson Sofres. Financial Position: According to the TNS WorldPanel, The share of the UK Tesco was increased by 0.3 percent as compared to 10th august 2008, at that time the share price is 31.6 percent. It was up by 12 weeks from the July 2008. The business share has raise and the recent low is 30.9 percent. Tesco operates overseas and in UK. The business would be in sufficient way to achieve the planned growth. Tesco has to be in provision of banking facilities in addition with the recent success of  £2.4 bn Eurobond issue. It can comfortably cover all the financial needs of the next year. It includes the TPF and Homever achievements. In Tesco’s business needs, with in maturity of 13 years there are no significant bonds in 2008 and 2009. The only  £300m of debit maturities are there in 2009 and 2010. The Group has planed to reduce the expenditure of capital by  £4 billion and it has to be like cash positive before the two acquisitions of the current financial year. International Performance: The International market sales were growing up by 25.7 percent at the actual exchange market rates and the constant rate as per was 21.4 percent. This was included in that why so, the sales in Asia were grown by 29 percent at constant market rates. That means we have a rapid growth in all European markets. Tesco is planning to provide new stores to customers with more than 7 million square feet space through out world wide. At the same time In Poland and Malaysia the Marko business has going well. Financial Growth: In 2007, Group sales (including vat) 11.1 percent. Underlying group profit before tax is 11.8 percent. Group profit before tax 5.7 percent. Underlying diluted earnings per share is 20.8 percent Diluted earnings per share are 14.2 percent. Dividend per share is 13.1 percent. Share price 355.40 p Detailed share prices are $ 15.60. Financial Growth: In 2008, Group sales (including vat) 51,773. Group profit before tax is 2,846. Underlying diluted earnings per share is 27.07 percent Diluted earnings per share are 26.61 percent. Return on capital employed 12.9 percent. References: 1. www.Tesco.com 2. www.Tescoplc.com 3. www.Tescoreports.com Research Papers on Case Study On Tesco PlcMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Project Managment Office SystemThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesOpen Architechture a white paper